Ascomycota

The ascomycetes, the spore sac fungi, are accommodated in the phylum Ascomycota, the largest of the seven phyla of the true fungi with more than 60 000 species. Many are saprobes; others are parasites or live in symbiosis with other organisms. A majority of the lichens are ascomycetes. The ascomycetes are of great economic importance as decomposers of dead material, parasites on crops, producers of antibiotics and other industrial products in food production (bread, beer, wine, etc.).

Keywords: ascomycetes; morphology; phylogeny; subphyla; classes; economic importance

Figure 1. Apothecia of Neolecta vitellina (Neolectomycetes). Photo: Nada and Zelimir Lipovac.
Figure 2. Apothecia of Sarcoscypha austriaca (Leotiomycetes). Photo: Nada and Zelimir Lipovac.
Figure 3. Perithecia of Hypocreopsis riccioidea (Sordariomycetes), immersed in a stroma (only the uppermost parts are visible as small black dots). Photo: Nada and Zelimir Lipovac.
Figure 4. Cleistothecia of Elaphomyces aculeatus (Eurotiomycetes). Photo: Johan Nitare.
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 References
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    book Cannon P and Kirk P (2008) Fungal Families of the World. CAB International.
    ePath GenBank : Entrez [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Database/index.html].
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    book Khasa DP, Piché Y and Coughlin AP (2009) Advances in Mycorrhizal Science and Technology. Wallingford, OX: CAB International.
    book Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW and Stalpers JA (eds) (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. Wallingford, OX: CAB International.
    book Kurtzman CP and Fell JW (1998) The Yeasts. A Taxonomic Study. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    ePath Mycological resources [http://mycology.cornell.edu/].
    ePath Myconet [http://www.fieldmuseum.org/myconet/].
    ePath Mycoses [http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0933-7407&site=1]
    ePath Phylogeny programs [http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip/software.html].
    book Pitt JI and Hocking AD (1997) Fungi and Food Spoilage, 2nd edn. London: Blackie Academic & Professional.
    book Priest FG and Campbell I (2002) Brewing Microbiology, 3rd edn. Springer.
    other Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC and Filtenborg O (eds) (2002) Introduction to Food- and Airborne Fungi (revised 6th edn). Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures.
    ePath SBML database [http://NT.ars-grin.gov/fungaldatabases/].
    book Singh J (ed.) (1994) Building Mycology. Management of Decay and Health in Buildings. London: E & FN Spon.
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How to Cite close
Eriksson, Ove E(Dec 2009) Ascomycota. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000346.pub2]