Enteroviruses

Nora M Chapman, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Kyung‐Soo Kim, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
Steven M Tracy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA

Published online: April 2006

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0004285

Enteroviruses are commonly encountered, widely circulating, single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) genome human viruses that cause a variety of benign to serious diseases including myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, and possibly type 1 diabetes. Numerous cell culture and mouse models of pathogenesis are available which with molecular clones of the viral genomes, make the enteroviruses, especially the group B coxsackieviruses, an excellent system to probe molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of common viral illnesses.

Keywords: picornavirus; RNA; disease; coxsackievirus; echovirus; poliovirus

Figure 1. The enteroviral genome is a single strand of positive-sense RNA that is approximately 7400 nucleotides in length. Sizes of the genomic regions are approximate only. Length of the genome is indicated by kilobase (kb). A 3¢-polyadenylate (polyA) tract terminates the enterovirus genome. In the virion RNA, the viral protein VPg is covalently linked to the genomic 5¢-terminus. The proteins in each of the coding regions (P1, P2, P3) are noted in their translational order in boxes below the map.
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    Ansardi DC, Porter DC, Anderson MJ and Morrow CD (1996) Poliovirus assembly and encapsidation of genomic RNA. Advances in Viral Research 46: 1–68.
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    book Rotbart HA (ed.) (1995) Human Enteroviral Infections. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
    Tracy S, Chapman NM and Mahy BWJ (eds) (1997) The coxsackie B viruses. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. 223

Related Sub-Topics:

Virus Diseases | Viruses Infecting Humans | RNA Viruses
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Article Title: Enteroviruses
 
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Chapman, Nora M, Kim, Kyung‐Soo, and Tracy, Steven M(Apr 2006) Enteroviruses. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0004285]