Leon Otten, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Strasbourg, France
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0000477
Ti plasmids are plasmids from the genus Agrobacterium that encode a natural system of plant transformation. They are used extensively as vectors for plant genetic engineering.
Keywords: Ti plasmids; agrobacterium; plant transformation vectors; plant genetic engineering; plant–microbe interactions
|
Figure 1. Genetic map of an octopine Ti plasmid.
|
|
Figure 2. Transfer of the T-DNA to the plant cell and its control by the vir genes.
|
|
Figure 3. Induction of opine synthesis in the crown gall cell and use of opines by the bacterium.
|
|
Figure 4. Agrobacterium strain for genetic engineering. The strain contains a T-DNA-less helper plasmid and a binary vector with an artificial T-DNA. nptII-P and nptII-B designate genes which are expressed in the plant (P) or in the bacterium (B); oriV (BHR), broad host range origin of replication.
|
| References | |
| Bechtold N, Ellis J and Pelletier G (1993) In planta Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer by infiltration of adult Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris 316: 1194–1199. | |
| Chilton M-D, Drummond MH, Merlo DJ et al. (1977) Stable incorporation of plasmid DNA into higher plant cells: the molecular basis of crown gall tumorigenesis. Cell 11: 263–271. | |
| Clare BG, Kerr A and Jones DA (1990) Characteristics of the nopaline catabolic plasmid of Agrobacterium strains K84 and K1026 used for biological control of crown gall disease. Plasmid 23: 126–137. | |
| De Groot MJA, Bundock P, Hooykaas PJJ and Beijersbergen AGM (1998) Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of filamentous fungi. Nature Biotechnology 16: 839–842. | |
| Fullner KJ, Lara LC and Nester EW (1996) Pilus assembly by Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer genes. Science 273: 1107–1109. | |
| Guyon P, Petit A, Tempé J and Dessaux Y (1993) Transformed plants producing opines specifically promote growth of opine-degrading Agrobacteria. Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions 6: 92–98. | |
| Hernalsteens JP, Van Vliet F, De Beuckeleer M et al. (1980) The Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid as a host vector system for introducing foreign DNA in plant cells. Nature 287: 654–656. | |
| Hoekema A, Hirsch PR, Hooykaas PJJ and Schilperoort RA (1983) A binary plant vector strategy based on separation of vir- and T-region of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid. Nature 303: 179–180. | |
| Hood EE, Helmer GL, Fraley RT and Chilton M-D (1986) The hypervirulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens A281 is encoded in a region of pTiBo542 outside of T-DNA. Journal of Bacteriology 168: 1291–1301. | |
| Ichikawa T, Ozeki Y and Syono K (1990) Evidence for the expression of the rol genes of Nicotiana glauca in genetic tumours of N. glauca × N. langsdorfii. Molecular General Genetics 220: 177–180. | |
| Matthysse AG and McMahan S (1998) Root colonization by Agrobacterium tumefaciens is reduced in cel, attB, attD, and attR mutants. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64: 2341–2345. | |
| Otten L and Schmidt J (1998) A T-DNA from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens limited-host-range strain AB2/73 contains a single oncogene. Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions 11: 335–342. | |
| Otten L, De Ruffray P, Momol EA, Momol MT and Burr TJ (1996) Phylogenetic relationships between Agrobacterium vitis isolates and their Ti plasmids. Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions 9: 782–786. | |
| Peach C and Velten J (1991) Transgene expression variability (position effect) of CAT and GUS reporter genes driven by linked divergent T-DNA promoters. Plant Molecular Biology 17: 49–60. | |
| Ryder MH, Tate ME and Jones GP (1984) Agrocinopine A, a tumour-inducing plasmid-encoded enzyme product, is a phosphodiester of sucrose and l-arabinose. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259: 9704–9710. | |
| Salomone JY, Szegedi E, Cobanov P and Otten L (1998) Tartrate utilization genes promote growth of Agrobacterium on grapevine. Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions 11: 836–838. | |
| Schmülling T, Beinsberger S, Degreef J et al. (1989) Construction of a heat-inducible chimaeric gene to induce the cytokinin content in transgenic plant tissue. FEBS Letters 249: 401–406. | |
| Van Larebeke N, Engler G, Holsters M et al. (1974) Large plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens essential for crown-gall-inducing ability. Nature 252: 169–170. | |
| Further Reading | |
| book Farrand SK, Piper SK, Sackett R et al. (1996) "Homoserin lactone-mediated microbial signaling: a communication system common to plant-associated bacteria". In: Stacey G, Mullin B and Gresshoff PM (eds) Biology of Plant–Microbe Interactions, pp. 173–179. St Paul, MN: International Society for Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions. | |
| Gaudin V, Vrain T and Jouanin L (1994) Bacterial genes modifying hormonal balances in plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 32: 11–29. | |
| Hooykaas PJJ and Beijersbergen A (1994) The virulence system of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Annual Review of Phytopathology 32: 157–179. | |
| Kim K-S and Farrand SK (1997) Characterization of the acc operon from the nopaline-type Ti plasmid pTiC58, which encodes utilization of agrocinopines A and B and susceptibility to agrocin 84. Journal of Bacteriology 179: 7559–7572. | |
| Lessl M and Lanka E (1994) Common mechanisms in bacterial conjugation and Ti-mediated T-DNA transfer to plant cells. Cell 7: 321–324. | |
| Levesque H, Delepelaire P, Rouzé P, Slightom J and Tepfer D (1998) Common evolutionary origin of the central portions of the Ri TL-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the Ti T-DNAs of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Molecular Biology 11: 731–744. | |
| Otten L, Canaday J, Gérard J-C et al. (1992) Evolution of Agrobacteria and their Ti plasmids – A review. Molecular Plant–Microbe Interactions 5: 279–287. | |
| book Tempé J, Guyon P, Tepfer D and Petit A (1979) "The role of opines in the ecology of the Ti plasmids of Agrobacterium". In: Timmis KN and Pühler A (eds) Plasmids of Medical, Environmental and Commercial Importance, pp. 353–361. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press. | |
| Winans S (1992) Two-way chemical signaling in Agrobacterium–plant interactions. Microbiological Reviews 56: 12–31. | |
| Zupan JR and Zambryski P (1997) The Agrobacterium DNA transfer complex. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences 16: 279–295. | |
Copyright © 2000-2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., or related companies. All rights reserved.
