Amy D Klion, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Thomas B Nutman, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
Published online: June 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0000482
Helminth infection provides a unique challenge to the host immune system. Not only are helminths complex multicellular organisms, but they have intricate life cycles with multiple developmental stages, several of which may coexist in the infected host.
Keywords: helminth; immunity; IgE; eosinophil; mast cell
| References | |
| Brunet LR, Dunne DW and Pearce EJ (1998) Cytokine interaction and immune responses during Schistosoma mansoni infection. Parasitology Today 14: 422–427. | |
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| Further Reading | |
| other Freedman DO (ed.) (1997) Immunopathogenetic aspects of disease induced by helminth parasites. Chemical Immunology 66: 1–230. | |
| Hagan P, Ndhlovu PD and Dunne DW (1998) Schistosome immunology: more questions than answers. Parasitology Today 14: 407–412. | |
| book Klion AD, Armant M and Nutman TB (1999) "The role of IgE and eosinophils in mediating protection and pathology in parasitic diseases". In: Gallin JI and Snyderman R (eds) Inflammation: Basic and Clinical Correlates, 3rd edn, pp. 929–937. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven Publishers. | |
| book Nutman TB (ed.) (1999) Lymphatic Filariasis. London: Imperial College Press. | |
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