Potyviridae

Juan José López‐Moya, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics CRAG, Barcelona, Spain
Adrián Valli, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB‐CSIC, Madrid, Spain
Juan Antonio García, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CNB‐CSIC, Madrid, Spain

Published online: March 2009

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000755.pub2

The Potyviridae family comprises several genera of plant-infecting single-stranded positive-sense ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, with flexible and filamentous virion particles. In addition to the large genus Potyvirus which includes near 200 aphid-transmitted viruses, at least 5 more genera, Bymovirus, Ipomovirus, Macluravirus, Rymovirus and Tritimovirus, have been differentiated in terms of genome composition and structure (two RNA molecules for bymoviruses, one for the rest of genera), sequence similarity and vector organisms responsible of their dissemination. Globally very important as pathogens, they also have drawn the attention of the research community for years and been used to study many aspects including taxonomy, evolution, structure, functional characterization of viral proteins, diagnosis, control and interaction with hosts and vectors. Even biotechnological applications of potyviruses are being explored. The most recent advances in our knowledge about viruses within the family are being presented.

Keywords: phytopathology; plant diseases; plant viruses; Potyvirus

Figure 1. Thin section of the cytoplasm of a Nicotiana benthamiana plant cell infected with Plum pox virus, showing ‘pinwheel’ inclusions. Bar equals 200 nm. Courtesy of D. López-Abella, CIB-CSIC (Madrid, Spain).
Figure 2. Structure of potyvirus particles. (a) Cryo-electron micrograph of the detail of flexuous particles of soybean mosaic virus (bar equals 25 nm). (d) Outside view of the modelization of SMV particle structure by iterative helical real-space reconstruction, along with transversal (b) and longitudinal (c) sections at the same scale (bar in (b) equals 5 nm, and also applies to (c) and (d)). The virion presents a central hole surrounded by compact and well-defined CP subunits disposed with its longest dimension diverging radially from the centre. The helical symmetry of the particle is estimated to be 8.8 subunits of CP per turn. Courtesy of Amy Kendall and Gerald Stubbs, Vandervilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Figure 3. Genomic maps of viruses in the family Potyviridae. Genomic ssRNAs are shown as solid lines with the covalently linked VPg protein depicted as a solid circle at the 5¢-end and a poly A tail at the 3¢-end. ORFs are indicated as boxes, divided in viral products, with their names inside or above, by vertical lines. (a) Organization of the gene products in potyviruses, tritimoviruses, rymoviruses and Sweet potato mild mottle virus (SPMMV) ipomovirus. The pipo ORF inside P3, translatable with a frameshift, is indicated by a box below the P3 region starting at the expected frameshifting point downstream of the N-terminal part of P3, and the new product is denominated P3N+PIPO. (b) A variant of the above organization with absence of the HCPro region and two P1a and P1b proteases, as in Cucumber vein yellowing virus (CVYV) and Squash vein yellowing virus (SqVYV). (c) Organization of the two genomic RNAs of a bipartite Bymovirus, with the same conventions as in (a). (d) Expected proteolytic processing events in a typical potyvirus polyprotein, with arrows pointing to the cleavage sites specific of each one of the three proteinases.
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Related Sub-Topics:

Viruses Infecting Plants | RNA Viruses | Plant Disease
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Article Title: Potyviridae
 
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López‐Moya, Juan José, Valli, Adrián, and García, Juan Antonio(Mar 2009) Potyviridae. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000755.pub2]