Virus Diseases of Grapevine

Giovanni P Martelli, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

Published online: April 2010

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000766.pub2

There are more than 20 recognized virus and virus-like diseases of grapevines (Vitis and Muscadinia spp.). Many have a clear-cut detrimental effect on the vines, that is stunting, reduced vigour, malformation of the leaves and twigs, foliar discolourations ranging from reddening to chlorotic or bright yellow mottling, ringspots and line patterns. The productive life of the vineyards can be shortened and the quantity and quality of the crop badly affected. Prevailing disease agents are viruses transmitted by nematodes (nepoviruses and sadwaviruses), pseudococcid mealybugs and soft-scale insects (closteroviruses and vitiviruses). Infected propagation materials (scions and rootstocks) are the major way for long-distance dissemination of diseases, several of which have now a worldwide distribution and have entered areas where the grapevine industry is expanding. Control is based on preventive measures such as sanitary selection, sanitation and induction of resistance through conventional breeding or genetic engineering.

Key concepts:

  • Virus and virus-like diseases are a major threat to the world's grapevine industry.
  • The world of grapevine-infecting viruses is the most variegated among woody crops.
  • Prevailing viruses are soil-borne and mealybug-transmitted.
  • Spreading of diseases and their agents is mediated by infected propagative material and vectors.
  • Nursery productions have played, and still do, a major role in disease dissemination.
  • Disease control relies on preventive measures aimed at reducing vector populations and sources of inoculum.
  • Sanitary selection and sanitation are most efficient means for producing certified stocks.

Keywords: Vitis; Muscadinia; virus diseases; nematode-borne viruses; insect-transmitted viruses; sanitary selection

Figure 1. Bright yellow discolouration of the foliage induced by a chromogenic strain of GFLV.
Figure 2. Typical autumn symptoms in a leaf of a leafroll-infected vine.
Figure 3. Stem grooving induced by rugose wood.
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 Further Reading
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    Martelli GP, Adams MJ, Kreuze JF and Dolja VV (2007) Family Flexiviridae: a case study of viron and genome plasticity. Annual Review of Phytopathology 45: 73–100.
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Related Sub-Topics:

Virus Diseases | Viruses Infecting Plants | Plant Disease
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Article Title: Virus Diseases of Grapevine
 
How to Cite close
Martelli, Giovanni P(Apr 2010) Virus Diseases of Grapevine. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000766.pub2]