Hans‐Wolfgang Ackermann, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
Published online: July 2007
DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000782.pub2
Tailed bacteriophages constitute the order Caudovirales with three families. They are the largest and probably the oldest virus group. Although extremely diversified in dimensions and physicochemical properties, they have retained many common properties in morphology and replication, indicating a common monophyletic origin.
Keywords: classification; frequency; physicochemical properties; replication; evolution
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Figure 1. Tailed phage families. (a) Myoviridae; (b) Siphoviridae; (c) Podoviridae.
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Figure 2. Vibrio natriegens phage nt-1. Particles differ from classical T4-like phages by their longer heads (133 versus 111 nm) and illustrate the possibility of morphological evolution in tailed phages. Uranyl acetate; bar, 100 nm.
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Figure 3. Sequence of events in virulent and temperate infections. DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid; RNA, ribonucleic acid; mRNA, messenger RNA; , host RNA polymerase; and , host and/or viral RNA polymerases.
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| References | |
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| Ackermann H-W (2006) 5500 Phages examined in the electron microscope. Archives of Virology, 152: 227–243. | |
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| Further Reading | |
| book Ackermann H-W and DuBow MS (1987) Viruses of Prokaryotes, vols 1 and 2. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. | |
| book Calendar R (ed.) (2006) The Bacteriophages. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | |
| Casjens S, Hatfull G and Hendrix R (1992) Evolution of dsDNA tailed-bacteriophage genomes. Seminars in Virology 3: 383–397. | |
| book Klaus S, Krüger D and Meyer J (1992) Bakterienviren. Jena: Gustav Fischer. | |
| Koonin EV, Senkevich TG and Dolja WV (2006) The ancient virus world and evolution of cells. Biology Direct 1: 29. | |
| book Kutter E and Sulakvelidze A (2005) Bacteriophages. Biology and Applications. Boca-Raton, FL: CRC Press. | |
| Mesyanzhinov VV, Robben J, Grymonprez B et al. (2002) The genome of bacteriophage KZ of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Molecular Biology 317: 1–19. | |
| Newcomb WW, Juhas RM, Thomsen DR et al. (2001) The UL6 gene product forms the portal for entry of DNA into the Herpes simplex virus capsid. Journal of Virology 75: 10923–10932. | |
| Young R (1992) Bacteriophage lysis: mechanism and regulation. Microbiological Reviews 56: 430–481. | |
| ePath ICTV database and phage pictures: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTVdb/WIntkey/Images/ | |
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