Genetic and Physical Map Correlation

Genetic and physical maps provide a picture of the linear arrangement of genes and DNA markers on a chromosome. The relative distances between positions on a genetic map are calculated using recombination frequencies; a physical map is based on the actual number of nucleotide pairs between loci.

Keywords: recombination; genome; molecular marker; synteny

Figure 1. Genetic map of linkage group E of the USDA-ISU soybean map, consisting of a gene for pubescence (Pb), an SSR (Satt45), and RFLP markers. Distances between loci are given in centiMorgans.
Figure 2. Genetic and physical maps of a soybean chromosomal region encompassing disease resistance genes. Individual BACs in the contig are identified by their address in the BAC library. Dashed lines connect the appropriate BAC end to its marker position on genetic map ‘J’. Rmd, resistance to powdery mildew; Rps2, resistance to Phytophthora sojae; Rj2, ineffective nodulation; A724, A233, RFLP markers that anchor Rmd, Rj2 and Rps2 to linkage group J in the USDA-ISU Glycine max × G. soja genetic map; E33T22, AFLP marker; 91F11, 89L6R2, 25B1U, 68J10R, PCR markers from BAC end sequences; 91F11B9MU, PCR marker from BAC 91F11 B9 M subclone; Sat_144, microsatellite marker developed from BAC 10C2. Figure kindly provided by Michelle A Graham, Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University.
Figure 3. Aligned maps showing chromosomal locations of conserved DNA sequences in two species (A and B). Lines connect analogous DNA markers (m) between species. Changes in the positions of the m markers in species B could be due to chromosomal rearrangements during divergent evolutionary processes. There is a strong possibility that a gene from a conserved block of DNA (e.g. gene 1 of species A, located between m4 and m5) is present in the syntenic region in species B.
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 Further Reading
    Bennetzen JL and Freeling M (1993) Grasses as a single genetic system: genome composition, colinearity and compatibility. Trends in Genetics 9: 259–261.
    book Brown TA (1999) Genomes. New York: Wiley-Liss.
    book Cantor CR and Smith CL (1999) The Genomics: The Science and Technology Behind the Human Genome Project. New York: Wiley.
    Clark MS (1999) Comparative genomics: the key to understanding the human genome project. Bioessays 21: 121–130.
    book Davies KE and Tilghman SM (eds) (1990) "Genetic and Physical Mapping", vol. 1, Genome Analysis. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
    Edwards JH (1994) Comparative genome mapping in mammals. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 4: 861–867.
    Gale MD and Devos KM (1998) Plant comparative genetics after 10 years. Science 282: 656–659.
    Kutter E, Gachechiladze K, Poglazov A et al. (1995) Evolution of T4-related phages. Virus Genes 11: 285–297.
    book Lee TF (1991) The Human Genome Project: Cracking the Genetic Code of Life. New York: Plenum Press.
    Lichten M and Goldman AS (1995) Meiotic recombination hotspots. Annual Review of Genetics 29: 423–444.
    Oliver SG, Winson MK, Kell DB and Baganz F (1998) Systematic functional analysis of the yeast genome. Trends in Biotechnology 16: 373–378.
    Perkins DD (1997) Chromosome rearrangements in Neurospora and other filamentous fungi. Advances in Genetics 36: 239–398.
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How to Cite close
Paz, Margie M, and Shoemaker, Randy C(Sep 2005) Genetic and Physical Map Correlation. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003937]