Venoms

W Dias da Silva, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Thereza L Kipnis, State University of Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Published online: April 2001

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0000939

Animal venoms contain highly toxic components that cause inflammation and tissue destruction at the point of contact or in the region of a sting or bite. General symptoms are mediated by toxins including activators or inactivators of blood clots and complement systems, cytotoxins directed to a variety of target cells and neurotoxins.

Keywords: envenoming; antivenom; serotherapy; scorpion stings; spider bite; snake bite

 References
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    book Bon C and Goyffon (eds) (1995) Envenomings and their Treatments. Lyon: Mérieux.
    Denis EA (1994) Diversity of group types, regulation, and function of phospholipase A2. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269: 13057–13060.
    book Harvey AL (ed.) (1991) Snake Venoms. International Encyclopedia of Pharmacology. New York: Pergamon Press.
    book Jouglard J, de Haro L, David JM and Arditti J (1996) "Experience of envenoming at the Marseilles Poison Centre". In: Bon C and Goyffon M (eds) Envenomings and their Treatments. Paris: Mérieux.
    Ownby CL, Selistre de Araujo HS, White SP and Fletcher JE (1999) Lysine 49 phospholipase A2 proteins. Toxicon 37: 411–445.
    book Polis GA (ed.) (1990) The Biology of Scorpions. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
    book Taylor FJR (1990) "Red tides, brown tides and other harmful algae blooms: the view into 1990s". In: Granél E, Sundstrom B, Edier L and Anderson DM (eds) Toxic Marine Phytoplankton. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Toxic Marine Phytoplankton, pp. 527–533. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Related Sub-Topics:

Inflammation | Cell Death and Cellular Senescence
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Article Title: Venoms
 
How to Cite close
Silva, W Dias da, and Kipnis, Thereza L(Apr 2001) Venoms. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0000939]