Immunological Tolerance: Mechanisms

Immunological tolerance refers to a reduction or complete inhibition of the ability of an individual to mount a specific immune response upon immunization.

Keywords: transplantation; autoimmunity; immune privilege; deletion; anergy; receptor editing

Figure 1. High- and low-dose tolerance. When a given antigen is used over a wide range of concentrations, intermediate doses induce immunity, and low and high doses induce tolerance.
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 References
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 Further Reading
    Garcia G and Weiner HL (1999) Manipulation of Th responses by oral tolerance. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 238: 23–45.
    Griffith TS and Ferguson TA (1997) The role of FasL-induced apoptosis in immune privilege. Immunology Today 18: 240–244.
    Healy J and Goodnow C (1998) Positive versus negative signaling by lymphocyte antigen receptors. Annual Reviews of Immunology 16: 645–670.
    book Klein J (1982) Immunology. The Science of Self–Nonself Discrimination. New York: Wiley.
    MacDonald TT (1999) Effector and regulatory lymphoid cells and cytokines in mucosal sites. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 236: 113–135.
    book Paul W (1993) Fundamental Immunology, 3rd edn. New York: Raven Press.
    Platt JL (1998) New directions for organ transplantation. Nature 392 (Supplement 6679): 11–17.
    Radic MZ and Zouali M (1996) Receptor editing, immune diversification and self-tolerance. Immunity 5: 505–511.
    Schwartz RH (1989) Acquisition of immunologic self-tolerance. Cell 57: 1073–1081.
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Zouali, Moncef(Sep 2007) Immunological Tolerance: Mechanisms. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0000950.pub2]