| References |
|
|
Avrameas S
(1991)
Natural autoantibodies: from horror autotoxicus to gnothi seauton.
Immunology Today
12:
154159.
|
|
|
Bachmann MF,
Hengartner H and
Zinkernagel RM
(1997)
Neutralizing anti-viral B cell responses.
Annual Review of Immunology
15:
235270.
|
|
|
Barrios Y,
Cabrera R,
Yanez R et al.
(2002)
Anti-idiotypic vaccination in the treatment of low-grade B-cell lymphoma.
Haematologica
87:
400407.
|
|
|
Behn U
(2007)
Idiotypic networks: toward a renaissance?
Immunological Reviews
216:
142152.
|
|
|
Bellgrau D and
Wilson DB
(1979)
Immunological studies of T-cell receptors. II. Limited polymorphism of idiotypic determinants on T-cell receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex alloantigens.
Journal of Experimental Medicine
149:
234243.
|
|
|
Bendandi M
(2010)
Idiotype vaccines for lymphoma: proof-of-principles and clinical trial failures.
Nature Reviews. Cancer
9:
675681.
|
|
|
Berek C and
Milstein C
(1988)
The dynamic nature of the antibody repertoire.
Immunology Reviews
105:
526.
|
|
|
book
Bersini H
(2003)
"Revisiting idiotypic immune networks".
In: Banzhaf W,
Christaller T,
Dittrich P,
Kim JT and
Ziegler J (eds)
Advances in Artificial Life.
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2801
pp.164174.
Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
|
|
|
Bogen B and
Ruffini P
(2009)
Review: to what extent are T cells tolerant to immunoglobulin variable regions?
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
70:
526530.
|
|
|
Bona CA
(1996)
Internal image concept revisited.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
213:
3242.
|
|
|
Boudinot P,
Mariotti-Ferandiz ME,
Du Pasquier L et al.
(2008)
New perspectives for large-scale repertoire analysis of immune receptors.
Molecular Immunology
45:
25372445.
|
|
|
Brede M and
Behn U
(2003)
Patterns in randomly evolving networks: idiotypic networks.
Physical Reviews E
67:
031920.
|
|
|
Campbell MJ,
Esserman L,
Byars NE,
Allison AC and
Levy R
(1990)
Idiotype vaccination against murine B cell lymphoma. Humoral and cellular requirements for the full expression of antitumor immunity.
Journal of Immunology
145:
10291036.
|
|
|
Campbell MJ,
Esserman L and
Levy R
(1988)
Immunotherapy of established murine B cell lymphoma. Combination of idiotype immunization and cyclophosphamide.
Journal of Immunology
141:
32273233.
|
|
|
Caspar CB,
Levy S and
Levy R
(1997)
Idiotype vaccines for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma induce polyclonal immune responses that cover mutated tumor idiotypes: comparison of different vaccine formulations.
Blood
90:
36993706.
|
|
|
Choudhury A,
Mosolits S,
Kokhaei P et al.
(2006)
Clinical results of vaccine therapy for cancer: learning from history for improving the future.
Advances in Cancer Research
95:
147202.
|
|
|
Cohen I
(2002)
Peptide therapy for Type I diabetes: the immunological homunculus and the rationale for vaccination.
Diabetologia
45:
14681474.
|
|
|
Cohen IR and
Young DB
(1991)
Autoimmunity, microbial immunity and the immunological homunculus.
Immunology Today
12:
105110.
|
|
|
Cohn M
(1981)
Conversations with Niels Kaj Jerne on immune regulation: associative versus network recognition.
Cellular Immunology
61:
425436.
|
|
|
Coutinho A
(1995)
The network theory: 21 years later.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
42:
38.
|
|
|
Coutinho A
(2003)
A walk with Francisco Varela from first to second generation networks: in search of the structure, dynamics and metadynamics of an organism-centered immune system.
Biological Research
36:
1726.
|
|
|
Davis TA,
Maloney DG,
Czerwinski DK,
Liles TM and
Levy R
(1998)
Anti-idiotype antibodies can induce long-term complete remissions in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without eradicating the malignant clone.
Blood
92:
11841190.
|
|
|
De Fanti BA,
Milagro FI,
Lamas O,
Martínez-Ansó E and
Martínez JA
(2002)
Immunomanipulation of appetite and body temperature through the functional mimicry of leptin.
Obesity Research
10:
833837.
|
|
|
Dwyer DS,
Vakil M and
Kearney JF
(1986)
Idiotypic network connectivity and a possible cause of myasthenia gravis.
Journal of Experimental Medicine
164:
13101318.
|
|
|
Fehr T,
Bachmann MF,
Bucher E et al.
(1997)
Role of repetitive antigen patterns for induction of antibodies against antibodies.
Journal of Experimental Medicine
185:
17851792.
|
|
|
Feldmann M and
Steinman L
(2005)
Design of effective immunotherapy for human autoimmunity.
Nature
435:
612619.
|
|
|
Finberg RW and
Ertl HC
(1986)
Use of T cell-specific anti-idiotypes to immunize against viral infections.
Immunological Reviews
90:
129155.
|
|
|
Gaida FJ,
Pieper D,
Roder UW et al.
(1993)
Molecular characterization of a cloned idiotypic cascade containing a network antigenic determinant specific for the human carcinoembryonic antigen.
Journal of Biological Chemistry
268:
1413814145.
|
|
|
George AJ,
Folkard SG,
Hamblin TJ and
Stevenson FK
(1988)
Idiotypic vaccination as a treatment for a B cell lymphoma.
Journal of Immunology
141:
21682174.
|
|
|
Goodnow CC
(1992)
Transgenic mice and analysis of B cell tolerance.
Annual Review of Immunology
10:
489518.
|
|
|
Greenspan NS and
Bona CA
(1993)
Idiotypes: structure and immunogenicity.
FASEB Journal
7:
437444.
|
|
|
Hantusch B,
Knittelfelder R,
Wallmann J et al.
(2006)
Internal images: human anti-idiotypic Fab antibodies mimic the IgE epitopes of grass pollen allergen Phl p 5a.
Molecular Immunology
43:
21802187.
|
|
|
Hoffmann GW
(1975)
A theory of regulation and self-nonself discrimination in an immune network.
European Journal of Immunology
5:
638647.
|
|
|
Hoffmann GW
(2010)
An improved version of the symmetrical immune network theory.
arXiv
1004.5107, 16pp.
|
|
|
Holmberg D,
Andersson A,
Carlsson L and
Forsgren S
(1989)
Establishment and functional implications of B-cell connectivity.
Immunological Reviews
110:
89104.
|
|
|
Holmberg D,
Forsgren S,
Ivars F and
Coutinho A
(1984)
Reactions among IgM antibodies derived from normal neonatal mice.
European Journal of Immunology
14:
435441.
|
|
|
Holmberg D,
Freitas AA,
Portnoiu D et al.
(1986a)
Antibody repertoires of normal BALB/c mice: B lymphocyte populations defined by state of activation.
Immunological Reviews
93:
147169.
|
|
|
Holmberg D,
Wennerström G,
Andrade L and
Coutinho A
(1986b)
The high idiotypic connectivity of natural newborn antibodies is not found in adult mitogen-reactive B cell repertoires.
European Journal of Immunology
16:
8287.
|
|
|
Hsu FJ,
Caspar CB,
Czerwinski D et al.
(1997)
Tumor-specific idiotype vaccines in the treatment of patients with B-cell lymphoma long-term results of a clinical trial.
Blood
89:
31293135.
|
|
|
Inoges S,
Rodriguez-Calvillo M,
Lopez-Diaz de Cerio A et al.
(2003)
Feasibility of idiotype vaccination in relapsed B-cell malignancies.
Haematologica
88:
14381440.
|
|
|
Jerne NK
(1960)
Immunological speculations.
Annual Review of Microbiology
14:
341358.
|
|
|
book
Jerne NK
(1974a)
"Clonal selection in a lymphocyte network".
In: Edelman GM (ed.)
Cellular Selection and Regulation in the Immune Response,
pp. 3948.
New York: Raven Press.
|
|
|
Jerne NK
(1974b)
Towards a network theory of the immune system.
Annales d Immunologie de L Institut Pasteur
125C:
373389.
|
|
|
Jerne NK
(1984)
Idiotypic networks and other preconceived ideas.
Immunology Reviews
79:
523.
|
|
|
Jerne NK
(1985)
The generative grammar of the immune system.
EMBO Journal
4:
847852.
|
|
|
Jerne NK,
Roland J and
Cazenave PA
(1982)
Recurrent idiotopes and internal images.
EMBO Journal
1:
243247.
|
|
|
João C
(2007)
Immunoglobulin is a highly diverse self-molecule that improves cellular diversity and function during immune reconstitution.
Medical Hypotheses
68:
158161.
|
|
|
Kakoulidou M,
Åhlberg R,
Yi Q et al.
(2004)
The autoimmune T and B cell repertoires in monozygotic twins discordant for myasthenia gravis.
Journal of Neuroimmunology
148:
183191.
|
|
|
Kazatchkine MD and
Kaveri SV
(2001)
Advances in immunology: immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin.
New England Journal of Medicine
345:
747755.
|
|
|
book
Kearney J
(1993)
"Idiotypic networks".
In: Paul WE (ed.)
Fundamental Immunology,
3rd edn.
pp. 887902.
New York: Raven Press Ltd.
|
|
|
book
Kearney J,
Vakil M and
Nicholson A
(1987)
"Non-random VH gene expression and idiotype anti-idiotype expression in early B cells".
In: Kelsoe G and
Schulze D (eds)
Evolution and Vertebrate Immunity: The Antigen Receptor and MHC Gene Families,
pp. 175190.
Austin: Texas University Press.
|
|
|
Kohler G and
Milstein C
(1975)
Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity.
Nature
256:
495497.
|
|
|
Kunkel HG,
Mannik M and
Williams RC
(1963)
Individual antigenic specifity of isolated antibodies.
Science
140:
12181219.
|
|
|
Labrijn AF,
Aalberse RC and
Schuurman J
(2008)
When binding is enough: nonactivating antibody formats.
Current Opinion in Immunology
20:
17.
|
|
|
Lacroix-Desmazes S,
Wootla B,
Delignat S et al.
(2006)
Pathophysiology of catalytic antibodies.
Immunology Letters
103:
37.
|
|
|
Lemke H,
Coutinho A and
Lange H
(2004)
Lamarckian inheritance by somatically acquired maternal IgG phenotypes.
Trends in Immunology
25:
180186.
|
|
|
López-Díaz de Cerio A and
Inogés S
(2009)
Future of idiotypic vaccination for B-cell lymphoma.
Expert Review of Vaccines
9:
4350.
|
|
|
López-Díaz de Cerio A,
Zabalegui N,
Rodríguez-Calvillo M,
Inogés S and
Bendandi M
(2007)
Anti-idiotype antibodies in cancer treatment.
Oncogene
26:
35943602.
|
|
|
Lundkvist I,
Coutinho A,
Varela F and
Holmberg D
(1989)
Evidence for a functional idiotypic network among natural antibodies in normal mice.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
86:
50745078.
|
|
|
Maizels RM and
Yazdanbakhsh M
(2003)
Immune Regulation by helminth parasites: cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Nature Reviews. Immunology
3:
733744.
|
|
|
McGuire KL and
Holmes DS
(2005)
Role of complementary proteins in autoimmunity: an old idea re-emerges with new twists.
Trends in Immunology
26:
367372.
|
|
|
Meeker TC,
Lowder J,
Maloney DG et al.
(1985)
A clinical trial of antiidiotype therapy for B cell malignancy.
Blood
65:
13491363.
|
|
|
Metheringham RL,
Pudney VA,
Gunn B et al.
(2009)
Antibodies designed as effective cancer vaccines.
Monoclonal Antibodies
1:
7185.
|
|
|
Montesano MA,
Colley DG,
Willard MT,
Freeman GL Jr and
Secor WE
(2002)
Idiotypes expressed early in experimental schistosoma mansoni infections predict clinical outcomes of chronic disease.
Journal of Experimental Medicine
195:
12231228.
|
|
|
Nelson AL and
Reichert JM
(2009)
Development trends for therapeutic antibody fragments.
Nature Biotechnology
27:
331337.
|
|
|
Oudin J and
Michel M
(1963)
Une novelle forme d'allotypie des globulines gamma du sérum lapin apparement liée à la fonction et à la spécifité anticorps.
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences. Série D: Sciences naturelles
257:
805808.
|
|
|
Palena C,
Abrams SI,
Schlom J and
Hodge JW
(2006)
Cancer vaccines: preclinical studies and novel strategies.
Advances in Cancer Research
95:
115145.
|
|
|
Pearce EJ and
MacDonald AS
(2002)
The immunobiology of schistosomiasis.
Nature Reviews. Immunology
2:
499511.
|
|
|
Pendergraft WF III,
Preston GA,
Shah RR et al.
(2004)
Autoimmunity is triggered by cPR-3(105-201) a protein complementary to human autoantigen proteinase-3.
Nature Medicine
10:
7279.
|
|
|
Perelson AS and
Weisbuch G
(1997)
Immunology for physicists.
Reviews of Modern Physics
69:
12191267.
|
|
|
Reichert JM
(2009)
Probabilities of success for antibody therapeutics.
Monoclonal Antibodies
1:
387389.
|
|
|
Root-Bernstein R
(2007)
Antigenic complementary in the induction of autoimmunity: a general theory and review.
Autoimmunity Reviews
6:
272277.
|
|
|
Routsias JG and
Tzioufas AG
(2010)
B-cell epitopes of the intracellular autoantigens Ro/SSA and La SSB: tools to study the regulation of the autoimmune response.
Journal of Autoimmunity doi:10.1016/j.jaut.2010.06.016.
|
|
|
Ruffini PA,
Neelapu SS,
Kwak LW and
Biragyn A
(2002)
Idiotypic vaccination for B-cell malignancies as a model for therapeutic cancer vaccines: from prototype protein to second generation vaccines.
Haematologica
87:
9891001.
|
|
|
Sakurai Y,
Shima M,
Tanaka I et al.
(2004)
Association of anti-idiotypic antibodies with immune tolerance induction for the treatment of hemophilia A with inhibitors.
Haematologica
89:
696703.
|
|
|
Shoenfeld Y
(2004)
The idiotypic network in autoimmunity: antibodies that bind antibodies that bind antibodies.
Nature Medicine
10:
1718.
|
|
|
Shoenfeld Y and
George J
(1997)
Induction of autoimmunity. A role for the idiotypic network.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
815:
342349.
|
|
|
Silverstein AM and
Rose NR
(2000)
There is only one immune system! The view from immunopathology.
Seminars in Immunology
12:
173178.
|
|
|
Sim GK,
MacNeil IA and
Augustin AA
(1986)
T helper cell receptors: idiotypes and repertoire.
Immunological Reviews
90:
4972.
|
|
|
Souza EB,
Lopes JD and
Almeida SR
(2004)
B and T cell responses elicited by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody (Ab2) mimicking gp43 from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis.
Clinical & Experimental Immunology
137:
123128.
|
|
|
Stevenson GT and
Stevenson FK
(1975)
Antibody to a molecularly defined antigen confined to a tumour cell surface.
Nature
254:
714716.
|
|
|
Stewart J and
Varela F
(1989)
Exploring the meaning of connectivity in the immune network.
Immunological Reviews
110:
3761.
|
|
|
Stewart J,
Varela FJ and
Coutinho A
(1989)
The relationship between connectivity and tolerance as revealed by computer simulation of the immune network: some lessons for an understanding of autoimmunity.
Journal of Autoimmunity
2(suppl. 1):
1523.
|
|
|
Sulzer B,
van Hemmen JL and
Behn U
(1994)
Central immune system, the self, and autoimmunity.
Bulletin of Mathematical Biology
56:
10091040.
|
|
|
Tonegawa S
(1983)
Somatic generation of antibody diversity.
Nature
302:
575581.
|
|
|
Tzioufas AG and
Routsias JG
(2010)
Idiotype, anti-idiotype network of autoantibodies, pathogenetic considerations and clinical application.
Autoimmunity Reviews
9:
631633.
|
|
|
Urbain J,
Wikler M,
Franssen JD and
Collignon C
(1977)
Idiotypic regulation of the immune system by the induction of antibodies against anti-idiotypic antibodies.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
74:
51265130.
|
|
|
Varela FJ and
Coutinho A
(1991)
Second generation immune networks.
Immunology Today
12:
159166.
|
|
|
Weiner LM,
Dhodapkar MV and
Ferrone S
(2009)
Monoclonal antibodies for cancer immunotherapy.
Lancet
373:
10331040.
|
|
|
Weiss S and
Bogen B
(1991)
MHC class II-restricted presentation of intracellular antigen.
Cell
64:
767776.
|
|
|
Zbar AP
(2004)
The immunology of colorectal cancer.
Surgical Oncology
13:
4553.
|
|
|
Zöller M
(1990)
Alteration of idiotypic connectivity in prenatally tolerized neonatal mice.
Scandinavian Journal of Immunology
31:
619629.
|
| Further Reading |
|
|
book
Bersini H and
Carneiro J (eds)
(2006)
Artificial Immune Systems. Lecture Notes in Computational Sciences 4163.
Berlin and Heidelberg: Springer.
|
|
|
book
Burnet FM
(1959)
The Clonal Selection Theory of Acquired Immunity.
Nashville, TN: Vanderbuilt University Press.
|
|
|
book
Eichmann K
(2008)
The Network Collective, Rise and Fall of a Scientific Paradigm.
Basel: Birkhäuser.
|
|
|
ePath
Hoffmann GW
(2008) Immune Network Theory. http://www.physics.ubc.ca/ hoffmann/ni.html
|
|
|
book
Newman M,
Barabasi A-L and
Watts DJ (eds)
(2006)
The Structure and Dynamics of Networks.
Princeton: Princeton University Press.
|
|
|
Silverstein AM
(2002)
The clonal selection theory: what it really is and why modern challenges are misplaced.
Nature Immunology
3:
793796.
|
|
|
book
Tonegawa S
(1993)
"Somatic generation of immune diversity".
In: Frängsmyr T and
Lindsten J (eds)
Nobel Lectures Physiology or Medicine 19811990,
pp. 381405.
Singapore: World Scientific.
|