Gene Delivery by Viruses

Daniel S Ginsburg, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Bhaskar Thyagarajan, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Julie E Phillips, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
Michele P Calos, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA

Published online: September 2005

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0003927

Viral vector systems are very useful for delivering genes to cells. Commonly used systems include vectors derived from retroviruses, lentiviruses, adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses and herpesviruses.

Keywords: gene therapy; retrovirus; lentivirus; adenovirus; adeno-associated virus

Figure 1. The retrovirus infects a host cell, depositing its RNA into the cell as the virus uncoats. Viral single-stranded RNA is then reverse-transcribed into double-stranded DNA using viral reverse transcriptase. The linear DNA is transported into the nucleus, where it integrates randomly into the host's genome using the viral integrase.
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 References
    book Bannerji R (1995) "Genetics and biology of retroviral vectors". In: Kaplitt MG and Loewy AD (eds) Viral Vectors: Gene Therapy and Neuroscience Applications, pp. 75–88. San Diego: Academic Press.
    Brody SL and Crystal RG (1994) Adenovirus-mediated in vivo gene transfer. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 716: 90–101; discussion 101–103.
    Glorioso JC, DeLuca NA and Fink DJ (1995) Development and application of herpes simplex virus vectors for human gene therapy. Annual Review of Microbiology 49: 675–710.
    Hacein-Bey-Abina S, Von Kalle C, Schmidt M et al. (2003) LMO2-associated clonal T cell proliferation in two patients after gene therapy for SCID-X1. Science 302: 415–419.
    Mitani K and Kubo S (2002) Adenovirus as an integrating vector. Current Gene Therapy 2: 135–144.
    Nakai H, Storm TA and Kay MA (2000) Increasing the size of rAAV-mediated expression casettes in vivo by intermolecular joining of two complementary vectors. Nature Biotechnology 18: 527–532.
    Reddy PS, Sakhuja K, Ganesh S et al. (2002) Sustained human factor VIII expression in hemophilia A mice following systemic delivery of a gutless adenoviral vector. Molecular Therapy 1: 63–73.
    book Shenk T (1995) "Group C adenoviruses as vectors for gene therapy". In: Kaplitt MG and Loewy AD (eds) Viral Vectors: Gene Therapy and Neuroscience Applications, pp. 43–54. San Diego: Academic Press.
    Smith AE (1995) Viral vectors in gene therapy. Annual Review of Microbiology 49: 807–838.
    Snoeck HW, Tao W and Klotman ME (1997) Adeno-associated viral vectors: background and technical aspects. Experimental Nephrology 5: 514–520.
    Wu X, Yuan L, Crise B et al. (2003) Transcription start regions in the human genome are favored targets for MLV integration. Science 300: 1749–1751.
    Zufferey R, Nagy D and Mandel RJ (1997) Multiply attenuated lentiviral vector achieves efficient gene delivery in vivo. Nature Biotechnology 15: 871–875.
 Further Reading
    book Kaplitt MG and Loewy AD (eds) (1995) Viral Vectors: Gene Therapy and Neuroscience Applications. San Diego: Academic Press.
    Smith AE (1995) Viral vectors in gene therapy. Annual Review of Microbiology 49: 807–838.
    Thomas CE, Ehrhardt E and Kay MA (2003) Progress and problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy. Nature Reviews Genetics 4: 346–358.

Related Sub-Topics:

DNA Viruses | Viruses in Gene Therapy | RNA Viruses | Techniques and Tools in Clinical Genetics | Gene Therapy | Techniques and Tools in Molecular Biology | Nonchromosomal DNA
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Article Title: Gene Delivery by Viruses
 
How to Cite close
Ginsburg, Daniel S, Thyagarajan, Bhaskar, Phillips, Julie E, and Calos, Michele P(Sep 2005) Gene Delivery by Viruses. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003927]