Birnaviruses are bisegmented double-stranded RNA viruses and are responsible for causing disease in fish and poultry.
Keywords: molecular virology; fish diseases; diseases of poultry
Birnaviruses
Peter Dobos, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0001009
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Figure 1. Diagram of a birnavirus. A and B refer to the two genome segments. VP, virion protein.
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Figure 2. Genomic map of infectious bursal disease virus (IPNV). The bars represent coding sequences as open reading frames (ORFs) on the plus strand (mRNA). The numbers above each RNA segment indicate the nucleotide numbers. Numbers in parentheses refer to the amino acid (aa) number within the ORFs. VPg at the 5¢ end of each RNA signifies the genome-linked protein. The shaded areas between pVP2/NS and NS/VP3 indicate the location of the proteolytic cleavage sites within the polyprotein. NS, nonstructural protease; VP, virion protein.
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| References | |
| Bootland LM, Dobos P and Stevenson RMW (1995) Immunization of adult brook trout, Salvenlinus fontinalis (Michill) fails to prevent the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) carrier state. Journal of Fish Diseases 18: 449–458. | |
| Böttcher B, Kiselev NA, Stelmashchuk VY et al. (1997) Three-dimensional structure of infectious bursal disease virus determined by electron cryomicroscopy. Journal of Virology 71: 325–330. | |
| Chung HK, Kordyban S, Cameron L and Dobos P (1996) Sequence analysis of the bicistronic Drosophila X virus genome segment A and its encoded polypeptides. Virology 225: 359–368. | |
| Fahey KJ, Chapman AJ, Macreadie IG et al. (1991) A recombinant subunit vaccine that protects progeny chickens from infectious bursal disease. Avian Pathology 20: 447–460. | |
| Granzow H, Birghan C, Mettenleiter TC et al. (1997) A second form of infectious bursal disease virus-associated tubule contains VP4. Journal of Virology 71: 8879–8885. | |
| Kordyban S, Magyar G, Chung HK and Dobos P (1997) Incomplete dsRNA genomes in purified infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Virology 239: 62–70. | |
| Manning DS and Leong JC (1990) Expression in Escherichia coli of the large genomic segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Virology 179: 16–25. | |
| Mundt E and Vakharia VN (1996) Synthetic transcripts of double-stranded Birnavirus genome are infectious. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 93: 11131–11136. | |
| Teninges D, Ohanessian A, Richard-Molard C and Contamine D (1979) Isolation and biological properties of Drosophila X virus. Journal of General Virology 42: 241–254. | |
| Yao K, Goodwin MA and Vakharia VN (1998) Generation of a mutant infectious bursal disease virus that does not cause bursal lesions. Journal of Virology 72: 2647–2654. | |
| Further Reading | |
| Dobos (1995) The molecular biology of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Annual Review of Fish Diseases 5: 25–54. | |
| Kibeng FSB, Dillon AS and Russell RG (1998) Biochemistry and immunology of infectious bursal disease virus. Journal of General Virology 69: 1757–1775. | |
| book Lukert PD and Saif YM (1997) "Infectious bursal disease". In: Calnek BW et al (eds) Diseases of Poultry. Ames, A: Iowa State University Press. | |
| book McAllister PE (1993) "Salmonid fish viruses". In: Stoskopf MK (ed.) Fish Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders. | |
