Rhabdoviruses

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Rhabdoviruses

Craig R Pringle, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

Published online: April 2006

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0004308

Full Article on Wiley Online Library

Abstract
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References

The viruses classified in the family Rhabdoviridae have monopartite, negative-sense, single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) genomes, 11–15 kb in size; the virions have helical nucleocapsids contained within bullet-shaped or bacilliform enveloped particles. Rhabdoviruses infect animals, plants and invertebrates; some rhabdoviruses multiply in both invertebrates and vertebrates, and others in both invertebrates and plants, but none multiply in all three hosts. The family includes several viruses responsible for considerable economic losses in agriculture and commercial fisheries; Rabies virus is the most significant human pathogen.

Keywords: negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses; Rhabdoviridae; monopartite; genomes; enveloped particles; rabies virus

References
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Further Reading
	book Baer GM (ed.) (1991) The Natural History of Rabies, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
	book Flint SJ, Enquist LW, Racaniello VR and Skalka AM (2003) Principles of Virology, 2nd edn. Washington, DC: ASM Press.
	book Tordo N, Charlton K and Wandeler A (1998) "Rhabdoviruses: rabies". In: Mahy BWJ and Collier L (eds) Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th edn vol 1: Virology, pp. 665–692. London: Arnold
	book Tordo N, Benmansour A, Calisher CH et al. (2005) "Rhabdoviridae". In: Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J et al. (eds) Virus Taxonomy, Eighth Report of the International Committee on Virus Taxonomy, pp. 623–644. London: Elsevier Academic Press
	book Wagner RR (ed.) (1987) The Rhabdoviruses. New York: Plenum Press.

Article Title:	Rhabdoviruses
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	Figure 1. The 3¢–5¢ arrangement of the transcriptional units in the genomes of viruses classified in the four families constituting the order Mononegavirales. Genes encoding polypeptides of presumed homologous function are aligned vertically. Viruses: BDV, Borna disease virus; VSV, Vesicular stomatitis virus; SYNV, Sonchus yellow net virus; LNYV, Lettuce necrotic yellows virus; SV, Sigma virus; RV, Rabies virus; IHNV, Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus; BEFV, Bovine ephemeral fever virus; ARV, Adelaide River virus; EV, Ebola virus; MV, Measles virus; SeV, Sendai virus; MuV, Mumps virus; TRTV, Turkey rhinotracheitis virus; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; PVM, Pneumonia virus of mice. Transcriptional units: le, noncoding leader region; NS, nonstructural protein gene; N, nucleoprotein gene; P, phosphoprotein gene; V and C, dispensable nonstructural protein genes; sc4, 4b and (RT), genes of unknown function; M and M1, matrix protein gene; F, fusion protein gene; SH, small hydrophobic protein gene; G (or H or HN), glycosylated/haemagglutinin/haemagglutinin-neuraminidase) attachment protein gene; M2, nonglycosylated membrane protein gene; Ps, pseudogene; NV, nonvirion protein gene; Gns, presumptive duplicated G sequence; L, large (polymerase) protein gene; tr, noncoding trailer region. Modified from Pringle and Easton (1997).
	Figure 2. Electron micrographs of negatively stained virions of animal rhabdoviruses of the genera Vesiculovirus and Lyssavirus. (a) VSV concentrated and purified from infected cell cultures. c. ×40 000. (b) Rabies virus concentrated and purified from infected cell cultures. c. ×50 000. Courtesy of Murphy FA, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
	Figure 3. Electron micrographs of negatively stained virions of a plant rhabdovirus belonging to the genus Nucleorhabdovirus. (a) Aldehyde-fixed bacilliform particles of SYNV. (b) Unfixed bullet-shaped particles of SYNV. Courtesy of Roberts I, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie.

Rhabdoviruses

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