David R Harper, Charterhouse Therapeutics Ltd, Greenfield, UK
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0001090
Virus culture is used both to prepare and to analyse viruses. The techniques of virus culture are based on the culture of cells from host organisms, in which the virus is grown and maintained. Viruses may be prepared as components for vaccines or testing kits, or for use as genetic vectors. Cultured viruses may be used to test new antiviral drugs, to increase understanding of cellular biology, or to study the viruses themselves.
Keywords: virus; viral; cell; culture
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Figure 1. Plaque formation by Herpes simplex virus in Vero monkey kidney cells stained with a vital stain (crystal violet). Plaques formed by destruction of the monolayer are the clear areas in the infected wells. Figure kindly provided by Miss S. Argent, Department of Virology, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
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Figure 2. Cytopathic effect. (a) Uninfected human embryo lung (HEL) cells and (b) HEL cells infected with Herpes simplex virus (HSV), showing rounding of cells. (c) Uninfected Vero monkey kidney cells and (d) Vero cells infected with HSV virus, showing destruction of cell monolayer (as seen in Figure 1). Figure kindly provided by Miss S. Argent, Department of Virology, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London.
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| References | |
| book Blake K (1993) "Cell culture". In: Harper DR (ed.) Virology Labfax, pp. 51–79. Oxford: Bios Scientific. | |
| book Blake K and O'Connell S (1993) "Virus culture". In: Harper DR (ed.) Virology Labfax, pp. 81–122. Oxford: Bios Scientific. | |
| book Collin HA and Edwards S (1998) Plant Cell Culture. Oxford: Bios Scientific. | |
| book Feorino PM, Williamson JD and Schinazi RF (2000) "Laboratory safety considerations". In: Kinchington D and Schinazi RF (eds) Antiviral Methods and Protocols, pp. 13–25. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. | |
| book George VG, Hierholzer JC and Ades EW (1996) "Cell culture". In: Mahy BW and Kangro HO (eds) Virology Methods Manual, pp. 3–24. San Diego: Academic Press. | |
| Harper DR, Argent S, Kangro HO and Heath RB (1988) Reduction in immunoreactivity of varicella-zoster virus proteins induced by mycoplasma contamination. Journal of Virological Methods 20: 65–72. | |
| book Hierholzer JC and Killington RA (1996) "Virus isolation and quantitation". In: Mahy BW and Kangro HO (eds) Virology Methods Manual, pp. 25–46. San Diego: Academic Press. | |
| book Hunter-Fujita FR, Entwistle PF, Evans HF and Crook NE (1998) "Virus production". In: Hunter-Fujita FR, Entwistle PF, Evans HF and Crook NE (eds) Insect Viruses and Pest Management, pp. 93–116. Chichester, UK: John Wiley. | |
| book Mitsuhashi J (1998) "Cell culture". In: Hunter-Fujita FR, Entwistle PF, Evans HF and Crook NE (eds) Insect Viruses and Pest Management, pp. 93–116. Chichester, UK: John Wiley. | |
| book Specter S and Jeffries DJ (1996) "Detection of virus and viral antigens". In: Mahy BW and Kangro HO (eds) Virology Methods Manual, pp. 309–322. San Diego: Academic Press. | |
| book Stacey A and Stacey G (2000) "Routine quality control testing of cell cultures: detection of Mycoplasma". In: Kinchington D and Schinazi RF (eds) Antiviral Methods and Protocols, pp. 27–40. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. | |
| Further Reading | |
| book Harper DR (1993) Virology Labfax. Oxford: Bios Scientific. | |
| book Kinchington D and Schinazi RF (2000) Antiviral Methods and Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. | |
| book Lennette EH and Smith TF (1999) Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections. New York: Marcel Dekker. | |
| book Mahy BW and Kangro HO (1996) Virology Methods Manual. San Diego: Academic Press. | |
| book Schmidt NJ (1995) Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamydial Infections. Washington DC: American Public Health Association. | |
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