Theresa L Whiteside, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Published online: September 2005
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0001124
Cytokines are low-molecular-weight mediators of cellular interactions. Their role in health and disease provides a key to the physiological importance of cytokines in cell-to-cell communication. In addition, changes in cytokine profiles may serve as indicators of pathological conditions associated with disease.
Keywords: cytokines; immunoassays; T
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Figure 1. A format for an indirect or sandwich ELISA. In the first step, the capture Ab is bound to the plate. A sample containing the cytokine is added and is captured by the Ab. Next, an enzyme (E)-conjugated detection Ab specific for the cytokine is added to the well. After the plate is washed, substrate solution is added, and the colour is developed. Colour intensity is then read in a colorimeter and related to the concentration of cytokine present in the sample based on the standard curve generated with the data obtained from the cytokine control wells.
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| References | |
| Asai T, Storkus WJ and Whiteside TL (2000) Evaluation of the modified ELISPOT assay for interferon- production in cancer patients receiving anti-tumor vaccines. Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 7: 145–154. | |
| Bennouna J, Hildesheim A, Chikamatsu K et al. (2002) Application of IL-5 ELISPOT assays to quantification of antigen-specific T helper responses. Journal of Immunologic Methods 261: 145–156. | |
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| Further Reading | |
| book Aggarwal BB and Puri RK (1995) Human Cytokines: Their Role in Disease and Therapy. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Science. | |
| book Meager T (1998) The Molecular Biology of Cytokines. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. | |
| book Oppenheim JJ, Rossio JL and Gearing AJH (eds) (1993) Clinical Applications of Cytokines Role in Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Therapy. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. | |
| book Wadhwa M and Thorpe R (1998) "Assays for cytokines". In: Thomson AW (ed.) The Cytokine Handbook, 3rd edn, pp. 357–392, New York, NY: Academic Press. | |
| book Whiteside TL (2003) "Assays for Cytokines". In: Thomson AW and Lotze MT (eds) The Cytokine Handbook, 4th ed. pp. 1375–1396, Academic Press. San Diego, CA. | |
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