Gilbert J Kersh, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Published online: September 2007
DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001185.pub2
Adaptive immunity depends on the transfer of information across the plasma membrane of T and B lymphocytes. This information takes the form of signal transduction pathways that are initiated by the recognition of antigens by specific transmembrane receptors, and result in a complex series of biochemical changes within the cell that ultimately alter cellular function.
Keywords: signal transduction; lymphocytes; receptors; phosphorylation; immunity
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Figure 1. The signalling pathways following BCR stimulation. Molecules in red are major signalling components that are phosphorylated after BCR crosslinking. Arrows represent either phosphorylation induced after BCR ligation or connection between signalling molecules and downstream events or components. Coreceptors that play regulatory roles in BCR signalling are shown in colour.
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Figure 2. The signalling cascades activated by the TCR. The major signalling molecules which become tyrosine phosphorylated following TCR-CD4/CD8 crosslinking are shown in red.
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Figure 3. Putative phosphatidylinositol pathway and calcium flux induced by crosslinking of the BCR or TCR.
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| References | |
| Davis SJ and van der Merwe PA (2006) The kinetic-segregation model: TCR triggering and beyond. Nature Immunology 7: 803–809. | |
| Deane JA and Fruman DA (2004) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase: diverse roles in immune cell activation. Annual Review of Immunology 22: 563–598. | |
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| Further Reading | |
| Bolen JB (1995) Protein tyrosine kinases in the initiation of antigen receptor signaling. Current Opinion in Immunology 7: 306–311. | |
| Chan C, Desai DM and Weiss A (1994) The role of protein tyrosine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases in T cell antigen receptor signal transduction. Annual Review of Immunology 12: 555–592. | |
| Dal Porto JM, Gauld SB, Merrell KT et al. (2004) B cell antigen receptor signaling 101. Molecular Immunology 41: 599–613. | |
| Mustelin T, Vang T and Bottini N (2005) Protein tyrosine phosphatases and the immune response. Nature Review Immunology 5: 43–57. | |
| Samelson LE (2002) Signal transduction mediated by the T cell antigen receptor: the role of adapter proteins. Annual Review of Immunology 20: 371–394. | |
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