Echiurans are unsegmented protostome worms with setae and a proboscis that cannot be retracted into the body.
Keywords: worm; minor phylum; sexual dimorphism; infauna; phylogeny
Echiura (Unsegmented Protostome Worms)
José I Saiz‐Salinas, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0001601
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Figure 1. Bifurcate proboscis of two bonelliids.
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Figure 2. External view of a Thalassema sp.
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Figure 3. Internal view of an idealized echiuran worm.
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| Further Reading | |
| book Edmonds SJ (1982) "Echiura". In: Parker SP (ed.) Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms, vol. 2, pp. 65–66, pl. 92. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. | |
| book Gruner H-E (1982) "Echiurida". In: Gruner H-E (ed.) Lehrbuch der Speziellen Zoologie, 1: Wirbellose Tiere. 3. Teil: Mollusca, Sipunculida, Echiurida, Annelida, Onychophora, Tardigrada, Pentastomida, pp. 261–275. Jena, Germany: VEB Fischer Verlag. | |
| book Pilger JF (1993) "Echiura". In: Harrison F-W and Rice ME (eds) Microscopic Anatomy of Invertebrates, vol. 12: Onychophora, Chilopoda and Lesser Protostomata, pp. 185–236. New York: John Wiley and Sons. | |
| book Pilger JF (1997) "Sipunculans and Echiurans". In: Gilbert SF and Raunio AM (eds) Embryology: Constructing the Organism, pp. 167–188. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. | |
| book Rice ME and Todorovic M (1975–76) Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Biology of the Sipuncula and Echiura. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Naucno Delo. | |
| book Stephen AC and Edmonds SJ (1972) The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). | |
