Figure 1. A history of terminology associated with the development of a hierarchical scheme of Cenozoic chronostratigraphy. Reprinted from Berggren (1998) Figure 1, with kind permission of the Geological Society Publishing House.

Figure 2. An integrated magnetobiochronological scale (IMBS) for the early Miocene. Biostratigraphic zones based on a succession of calcareous microplankton taxa are shown in the right half of the figure. Their boundaries are correlated to the standard chronostratigraphic subdivisions of the lower Miocene and a chronology of the biostratigraphic zones and chronostratigraphy is derived by correlation to the global polarity scale at the left. Further details on the method by which this time scale has been developed are given in Berggren et al. (1995a). Reprinted from Berggren et al., (1995), Figure 4, with kind permission of the SEPM, Tulsa, OK.

Figure 3. An integrated magnetobiochronological scale (IMBS) for the middle–late Miocene. See Figure 2 for further explanation. Reprinted from Berggren et al., 1995, Figure 5, with kind permission of SEPM, Tulsa, OK.

Figure 4. An integrated magnetobiochronological scale (IMBS) for the Pliocene–Pleistocene. See Figure 2 for further explanation. Reprinted from Berggren et al., (1995), Figure 6, with kind permission of SEPM, Tulsa, OK.