Twinning
Fiona Bamforth, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0001885
Abstract
Twinning is the process which results in the birth of twins or higher order multiples instead of the more usual singleton.
Twin studies can be used in determining genetic contribution to normal development and disease processes.
Keywords: monozygotic; dizygotic; discordance; twin studies; higher multiples
Further Reading
Bamforth F,
Machin G and
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(1996)
X‐chromosome inactivation is mostly random in placental tissues of female monozygotic twins and triplets.
American Journal of Medical Genetics
61: 209–215.
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New England Journal of Medicine
319: 119–120.
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X‐inactivation patterns in monozygotic and dizygotic female twins.
American Journal of Medical Genetics
61: 205–208.
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American Journal of Medical Genetics
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(1980)
Sex ratio and placentation in twins.
Annals of Human Biology
7: 273–276.
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Opposite patterns of X‐inactivation in MZ twins discordant for red‐green colour deficiency.
American Journal of Human Genetics
51: 291–298.
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American Journal of Medical Genetics
40: 354–364.
Machin G
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American Journal of Medical Genetics
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Concordance for type 2 (non‐insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus in male twins.
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Twin studies in medical research: can they tell us whether diseases are genetically determined?
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Proceedings of the 10th Jubilee International Workshopon Multiple Pregnancy
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Machin G and
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American Journal of Medical Genetics
51: 41–45.
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British Medical Journal
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