Figure 1. Soft part morphology of (a) an allogromiid, (b) a globigerinid.

Figure 2. Wall structures. (a) Mosaic of calcite laths in the external layer of the porcelaneous species, Quinqueloculina seminulum. ×5250, by TEM. (b) Calcite laths in the external layer of Triloculina tricarinata. ×5250, by SEM. (c) Oblique hyaline structure in Elphidium exoticum. ×158, under crossed nicols. Note ‘granular’ appearance. (d) Radial hyaline structure in Elphidium selseyense. ×84, under crossed nicols. Note extinction cross in proloculus and shadows across other chambers. (e) Pores piercing sutured units of microcrystals in the radial hyaline species Ammonia batava. ×5250, by SEM after etching. (f) Stacks of rhomboid microcrystals in Ammonia batava, with pores seen in section. ×5250, by SEM after etching. (g) Aperture in Clavulina arctica showing abundant cement. ×788, by SEM. (h) Detail of breached dorsal side of Trochammina inflata showing minute agglutinated grains and tectin lining. ×366, by SEM. (i) Fine structure of the apertural lip in the agglutinating species Lagenammina arenulata showing size selection. ×550, by SEM. (j) Small, rectangular pores in the agglutinated species, Clavulina arctica. ×3675, by SEM. (k) Irregular grains laid flat-on in the agglutinated species Trochammina intermedia? ×788, by SEM. (l) Detail of the apertural tooth in the agglutinating species Eggerelloides scaber, showing size selection. Note how the large grains in the wall are packed in a matrix of smaller grains. ×263, by SEM. Reproduced from Haynes (1985) plate 7. a) from Towe and Cifelli, 1967, Journal of Paleontology, 41(3). b) from Haake, 1971, Journal of Foraminiferal Research, 1(4). e) and f) from Bellemo, 1974, Bulletin of the Geological Institutions of the University of Uppsala, New Series 4.

Figure 3. Foraminiferal faunas of the Northeast Atlantic. (a) Temperate latitude, ‘transitional province’, planktonic foraminifera, NE Atlantic. ×19–38 (actual size range between 0.25 and 0.50 mm maximum diameter), by SEM. 1, Orbulina universa; 2, Turborotalia pachyderma; 3, Globigerina bulloides; 4, Turborotalia inflata; 5, Globorotalia crassaformis; 6, Globigerinoides ruber; 7, Globorotalia truncatulinoides; 8, Biorbulina bilobata. (b) Some typical, temperate latitude, benthic foraminifera, NE Atlantic. ×15–75 (actual size range between 0.20 and 0.65 mm diameter and length), by SEM. 1, Oolina lineata; 2, Oolina hexagona; 3, Oolina williamsoni; 4, Rosalina anomala; 5, Trochammina inflata; 6, Pyrgo sp.; 7, Oolina borealis; 8, Elphidium magellanicum; 9, Bolivina sp.; 10, Bulimina elongata; 11, Cornuspira selseyense; 12, Spirophthalmidium acuta; 13, Bolivina variabilis; 14, Rosalina cf. bradyi; 15, Asterigerinata mamilla; 16, Elphidium williamsoni; 17, Turrispirillina sp.; 18, Rosalina neopolitana; 19, Rosalina sp.; 20, Bolivina striatula; 21, Oolina laevigata; 22, Haynesina depressula; 23, Trifarina angulosa fluens; 24, Trochammina astrifica; 25, ‘Stainforthiafusiformis’; 26, Clavulina arctica; 27, Pyrgo constricta; 28, Siphonina georgiana; 29, Oolina squamosa; 30, Lagena hibernica; 31, Patellina corrugata; 32, Quinqueloculina mediterraneana; 33, Gavelinopsis preageri; 34, Planorbulina distoma; 35, Rosalina williamsoni.