Elizabeth M Lord, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002089
Heterochrony refers to a change in the relative timing or rate of development of morphological features that occur in the ancestor and the descendant. This is an evolutionary concept that invokes shifts in developmental timing as a major force in the evolution of new forms.
Keywords: phase change; juvenility; evolution; cleistogamy; flowering plants
| References | |
| book Ambros V (1997) "Heterochronic genes". In: Riddle DL, Blumenthal T, Meyer BJ and Priess JR (eds) C. elegans II, pp. 501–818. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Press | |
| Bertrand-Garcia R and Freeling M (1991) Hairy-sheath frayed1-0: A systemic, heterochronic mutant of maize that specifies slow developmental stage transitions. American Journal of Botany 78: 747–765. | |
| book Georgiady MS (1999) The Evolution of Inbreeding in Tomato: Developmental and Genetic Study. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA. | |
| Gould SJ (1992) Ontogeny and phylogeny – revisited and reunited. BioEssays 14: 275–279. | |
| Hill JP and Lord EM (1990) The role of developmental timing in the evolution of floral form. Seminars in Developmental Biology 1: 281–287. | |
| book Lord EM and Hill JP (1987) "Evidence for heterochrony in the evolution of plant form". In: Raff RA and Raff EC (eds) Development as an Evolutionary Process, pp. 47–70. New York: Alan R. Liss. | |
| Poethig S (1988) A non-cell-autonomous mutation regulating juvenility in maize. Nature 336: 82–83. | |
| book Raff RA (1996) The Shape of Life: Genes, Development and the Evolution of Animal Form. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | |
| Rice SH (1997) The analysis of ontogenetic trajectories: when a change in size or shape is not heterochrony. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 94: 907–912. | |
| Schichnes DE and Freeling M (1998) Lax midrib 1-0, a systemic, heterochronic mutant of maize. American Journal of Botany 85: 481–491. | |
| Sherry RA and Lord EM (2000) A comparative developmental study of the selfing and outcrossing flowers of Clarkia tembloriensis (Onagraceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 161: 563–574. | |
| Telfer A and Poethig RS (1998) HASTY: a gene that regulates the timing of shoot maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 125: 1889–1898. | |
| Further Reading | |
| book Gould SJ (1977) Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press. | |
| book Hill JP (1996) "Heterochrony in the anther". In: D'Arcy WG and Keating RC (eds) The Anther: Form, Function and Phylogeny, pp. 118–135. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | |
| Kellogg EA (1990) Ontogenetic studies of florets in POA (Gramineae): allometry and heterochrony. Evolution 44: 1978–1989. | |
| Klingenberg CP (1998) Heterochrony and allometry: the analysis of evolutionary change in ontogeny. Biological Review 73: 79–123. | |
| Lawson EJR and Poethig RS (1995) Shoot development in plants: time for a change. TIG 11: 263–268. | |
| book Mosbrugger V (1995) "Heterochrony and the evolution of land plants". In: McNamara KJ (ed.) Evolutionary Change and Heterochrony. New York: John Wiley & Sons. | |
| Poethig RS (1990) Phase change and the regulation of shoot morphogenesis in plants. Science 250: 923–930. | |
| Wiltshire RJE, Murfet IC and Reid JF (1994) The genetic control of heterochrony: evidence from developmental mutants of Pisum sativum L. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 7: 447–465. | |
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