Frances R Balkwill, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
Published online: January 2003
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002145
Virtually all insults to the body involve cytokine responses, and nearly every type of disease has a cytokine component. An understanding of the cytokine component of diseases is leading to new approaches to treatment.
Keywords: cytokine; inflammation; infection; cancer; autoimmunity; allergy
| References | |
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| Further Reading | |
| Anderson KC and Lust JA (1999) Role of cytokines in multiple myeloma. Seminars in Hematology 36: 14–20. | |
| book Balkwill FR (ed.) (2000) Frontiers in Molecular Biology: The Cytokine Network. Oxford: Oxford University Press. | |
| Bellanti JA (1998) Cytokines and allergic disease: clinical aspects. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 19: 337–341. | |
| Cox A, Camp NJ, Nicklin MJ, DiGiovine FS and Duff GW (1998) An analysis of linkage disequilibrium in the interleukin-1 gene cluster, using a novel grouping method for multiallelic markers. American Journal of Human Genetics 62: 1180–1188. | |
| Gillis S and Williams DE (1998) Cytokine therapy: lessons learned and future challenges. Current Opinion in Immunology 10: 501–503. | |
| Kontoyiannis D, Pasparakis M, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F and Kollias G (1999) Impaired on/off regulation of TNF biosynthesis in mice lacking TNF AU-rich elements: implications for joint and gut-associated immunopathologies. Immunity 10: 387–398. | |
| Pfeffer LM, Dinarello CA, Herberman RB et al. (1998) Biological properties of recombinant -interferons: 40th anniversary of the discovery of interferons. Cancer Research 58: 2489–2499. | |
| book Remick DG and Friedland JS (eds) (1997) Cytokines in Health and Disease. New York: Marcel Dekker. | |
| Wilson AG, di Giovine FS and Duff GW (1995) Genetics of tumour necrosis factor- in autoimmune, infectious and neoplastic diseases. Journal of Inflammation 45: 1–12. | |
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