Memory: Clinical Disorders

Andrew E Budson, Edith Nourse Rogers Memorial Veterans Hospital, Bedford, Massachusetts, USA
Bruce H Price, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA

Published online: September 2005

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0004052

There are different forms of memory in the brain that use distinct anatomical structures to process various types of information in a variety of ways. Many disease processes can disrupt one or more of these forms of memory.

Keywords: memory; memory systems; Alzheimer disease

Figure 1. The six basic forms of memory.
Figure 2. The Papez circuit. Key components include the hippocampal formation, the fornix, the mammillary bodies (M), the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (AN), the cingulate gyrus and the presubiculum.
Figure 3. Ribot's law. The injury can be due to any of the disorders described above, including the pathological changes of Alzheimer disease. The period of retrograde amnesia can last anywhere from several hours (in the case of transient global amnesia) to several years (in the case of surgical excision of the temporal lobes).
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 Further Reading
    book Feinberg TE and Farah MJ (1997) Behavioural Neurology and Neuropsychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    book Gazzaniga M (2000) The New Cognitive Neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Perry RJ and Hodges JR (1996) Spectrum of memory dysfunction in degenerative disease. Current Opinion in Neurology 9: 281–285.
    book Schacter DL (1996) Searching for Memory: The Brain, the Mind, and the Past. New York: Basic Books.
    book Schacter DL (2001) The Seven Sins of Memory: How the Mind Forgets and Remembers. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin.
    book Schacter DL and Tulving E (1994) Memory Systems 1994. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    book Squire LR and Kandel ER (1999) Memory: From Mind to Molecules. New York: Scientific American Library.
    book Squire LR and Schacter DL (2002) Neuropsychology of Memory. New York: Guilford Press.
    book Troster AI (1998) Memory in Neurodegenerative Disease: Biological, Cognitive, and Clinical Perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Related Sub-Topics:

Neurobiology of Disease | Organisation of Memory Systems
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Article Title: Memory: Clinical Disorders
 
How to Cite close
Budson, Andrew E, and Price, Bruce H(Sep 2005) Memory: Clinical Disorders. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0004052]