Flavivirus Infections in Humans

Flaviviruses can cause clinical disease in humans and also in animals. They are known as arboviruses, because they infect and replicate in both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts.

Keywords: virus; flavivirus; flaviviridae; encephalitic; haemorrhagic; phylogenetic; non-vectored; enhancement; persistent; chronic

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood tree based on partial nonstructural (NS5) protein sequence data (see text) with the third codon position and the hypervariable loop excluded. Sequences were assumed to evolve according to the HKY85 substitution model with the rate of transitions and transversions and the extent of among- site variation in substitution rate ( distribution – which allows for the distribution of substitution rates) estimated from the data. Sof is a strain of FETBE virus. This tree was constructed and kindly supplied by Dr Edward Holmes, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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 Further Reading
    book Gubler DJ (1997) "Dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever: its history and resurgence as a global public health problem". In: Gubler DJ and Kuno G (eds) Dengue and Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever, pp. 1–22. Oxford, UK: CAB International
    book Monath TP and Heinz FX (1996) "Flaviviruses". In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM et al. (eds) Fields Virology, 3rd edn, pp. 961–1034. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott-Raven
    book Page RDM and Holmes EC (1998) Molecular Evolution: A Phylogenetic Approach. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science.
    book Strode GK (1951) Yellow Fever. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    book World Health Organization (1979) Technical Information on Japanese Encephalitis and Guidelines for Treatment. New Delhi: WHO Regional Office Southeast Asia.
    book World Health Organization (1982) Technical Guide for Diagnosis, Treatment, Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever. Geneva: WHO.
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How to Cite close
Gould, Ernest A(Apr 2006) Flavivirus Infections in Humans. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0004315]