Poxviruses are a group of genetically related DNA-containing viruses that have provided important scientific insights and are associated with various human diseases.
Keywords: viral infection; smallpox; vaccinia; molluscum contagiosum; zoonosis
Poxvirus Infection in Humans
Hua Jiang, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Frederick CS Wang, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Published online: January 2003
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002243
|
Figure 1. (a) A cluster of lesions caused by Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). (b) Histological appearance of the eosinophilic inclusions characteristic of MCV infection. Stained with haematoxylin-eosin. Original magnification ×120. Courtesy of Dr Chin-Lee Wu, Massachusetts General Hospital.
|
| References | |
| Antoine G, Scheiflinger F, Dorner F and Falkner FG (1998) The complete genomic sequence of the modified vaccinia Ankara strain: comparison with other orthopoxviruses. Virology 244 (2): 365–396. | |
| Baxby D, Bennett M and Getty B (1994) Human cowpox 1969–1993: a review based on 54 cases. British Journal of Dermatology 131 (5): 598–607. | |
| Breman JG and Henderson DA (1998) Poxvirus dilemmas – monkeypox, smallpox, and biologic terrorism. New England Journal of Medicine 339 (8): 556–559. | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1991) Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee (ACIP). Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 40 (RR-14): 1–10. (Published erratum appears in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1992) 41 (2): 31.) | |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1997) Human monkeypox – Kasai Oriental, Zaire, 1996–1997. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 46 (14): 304–307 (Published erratum appears in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (1997) 46 (30): 706.) | |
| Fleury B, Janvier G, Pialoux Get al. (1996) Memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-negative volunteers immunized with a recombinant canarypox expressing gp160 of HIV-1 and boosted with a recombinant gp160. Journal of Infectious Diseases 174 (4): 734–738. | |
| Meadows KP, Tyring SK, Pavia AT and Rallis TM (1997) Resolution of recalcitrant molluscum contagiosum virus lesions in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients treated with cidofovir. Archives of Dermatology 133 (8): 987–990. | |
| Schwartz JJ and Myskowski PL (1992) Molluscum contagiosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A review of twenty-seven patients. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 27 (4): 583–588. | |
| Senkevich TG, Bugert JJ, Sisler JR et al. (1996) Genome sequence of a human tumorigenic poxvirus: prediction of specific host response-evasion genes. Science 273 (5276): 813–816. | |
| Smith GL, Symons JA, Khanna A, Vanderplasschen A and Alcami A (1997) Vaccinia virus immune evasion. Immunological Reviews 159: 137–154. | |
| report WHO Expert Committee on Smallpox Eradication (1972) WHO Technical Report, Series No. 493, 2nd Report. Geneva: WHO. | |
| Further Reading | |
| Berthistle K and Carrington D (1997) Molluscum contagiosum virus. Journal of Infection 34: 21–28. | |
| book Fenner F (1996) "Poxviruses". In: Fields BN, Knipe DM and Howley PM (eds) Fields' Virology, pp. 2673–2702. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven. | |
| book Moss B (1996) "Poxviridae: the viruses and their replication". In: Fields BN, Knipe DM and Howley PM (eds) Fields' Virology, pp. 2637–2671. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven | |
| book Neff J (1995) "Poxviridae". In: Mandell G, Bennetts G and Dolin R (eds) Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, pp. 1325–1330. New York: Churchill Livingstone | |
| Smith GL, Symons JA, Khanna A, Vanderplasschen A and Alcami A (1997) Vaccinia virus immune evasion. Immunological Reviews 159: 137–154. | |
| book Sterling JC and Kurtz JB (1998) "Poxvirus infections". In: Champion RH, Burton JL, Burns DA and Breathnach SM (eds) Textbook of Dermatology, pp. 1003–1005. Oxford: Blackwell Science | |
