Tim Horder, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Published online: April 2001
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002487
1869–1941 German embryologist who, through his technical finesse and masterly design of experiment, exemplified the pinnacle of achievement of classical experimental embryology; his work culminated in the discovery of the amphibian embryonic organizer.
Keywords: embryology; organizer; German biology; organicism/vitalism
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Figure 1. Hans Spemann (1869–1941).
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| Further Reading | |
| book Spemann H (1938) Embryonic Development and Induction. New Haven: Yale University Press. | |
| book Gilbert SF (1991) A Conceptual History of Modern Embryology. New York: Plenum. | |
| book Hamburger V (1988) The Heritage of Experimental Embryology. Hans Spemann and the Organizer. New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| book Horder TJ and Weindling PJ (1985) "Spemann and the Organiser". In: Horder TJ, Witkowski JA and Wylie CC (eds) A History of Embryology, pp. 183–242. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | |
| book Mangold O (1953) Hans Spemann, ein Meister der Entwicklungs-physiologie, sein Leben und sein Werk. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlag. | |
| book Nakamura O and Toivonen S (1978) Organizer – A Milestone of a Half-century from Spemann. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press. | |
| book Saxen L and Toivonen S (1962) Primary Embryonic Induction. London: Logos Press. | |
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