Staffan Paulie, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Hedvig Perlmann, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Peter Perlmann, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
Published online: January 2006
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0004021
Enzyme-linked imunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a highly sensitive immunoassay utilizing enzyme-conjugated antibodies, with antigen or antibodies bound to a solid support. The assay measures changes in enzyme activities proportional to the antigen or antibody concentrations involved in the underlying immune reactions.
Keywords: ELISA; ELISPOT; immunoassay
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Figure 1. Schematic outline of a sandwich or capture ELISA.
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| References | |
| book Berzofsky JA, Berkower IJ and Epstein SL (1999) "Antigen–antibody interactions and mononuclear antibodies". In: Paul WE (ed.) Fundamental Immunology, 4th edn, pp. 88–91. Philadelphia and New York: Lippincott–Raven. | |
| Butler JE, Ni L, Nessler R et al. (1992) The physical and functional behavior of capture antibodies adsorbed on polystyrene. Journal of Immunological Methods 150: 77–90. | |
| Czerkinsky C, Andersson G, Ekre HP et al. (1988) Reverse ELISPLOT assay for clonal analysis of cytokine production. I. Enumeration of gamma-interferon-secreting cells. Journal of Immunological Methods 110: 29–36. | |
| Engvall E and Perlmann P (1971) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): quantitative assay of immunoglobulin G. Immunochemistry 18: 871–874. | |
| Lalvani A, Brookes R, Hambleton S et al. (1997) Rapid effector function in CD8+ memory T cells. Journal of Experimental Medicine 186: 859–865. | |
| Novitsky V, Rybak N, McLane MF et al. (2001) Identification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C Gag-, Tat-, Rev-, and Nef-specific ELISpot-based cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses for AIDS vaccine design. Journal of Virology 75: 9210–9228. | |
| book Perlmann H and Perlmann P (1998) "Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay". In: Celis JE (ed.) Cell Biology: A Laboratory Handbook, vol. 2, pp. 438–445. San Diego, CA: Academic Press. | |
| Porstmann T and Kiessig ST (1992) Enzyme immunoassay techniques. An overview. Journal of Immunological Methods 150: 5–21. | |
| Ternynck T and Avrameas S (1990) Avidin–biotin system in enzyme immunoassays. Methods in Enzymology 184: 469–581. | |
| proceedings Wang R, Epstein J, Baraceros FM et al. (2001) Induction of CD4+ T-cell-dependent CD8+ type 1 responses in humans by a malaria DNA vaccine. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98: 10817–10822. | |
| Vieira A (1998) ELISA based assay for Scatchard analysis of ligand receptor interactions. Molecular Biotechnology 10: 247–250. | |
| Further Reading | |
| book Butler JE (1994) "Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay". In: van Oss CJ and van Regenmortel MHV (eds) Immunochemistry, pp. 759–803. New York: Marcel Dekker. | |
| book Hornbeck P (1991) "Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay". In: Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM and Strober W (eds) Current Protocols in Immunology, pp. 2.1.1–2.1.22. New York: Greene Publishing Associates & Wiley Interscience. | |
| book Klinman DM and Nutman TB (1994) "ELISPOT assay to detect cytokine secreting murine and human cells". In: Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulies DH, Shevach EM and Strober W (eds) Current Protocols in Immunology, pp. 6.19.1–6.19.8. New York: Greene Publishing Associates & Wiley. | |
| book Stott DI (1994) "Immunoblotting, dot-blotting, and ELISPOT assays: methods and application". In: van Oss CJ and van Regenmortel MHV (eds) Immunochemistry, pp. 925–948. New York: Marcel Dekker. | |
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