Chamberland, Charles Edouard

Joy Harvey, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA

Published online: May 2011

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0002750

Charles Chamberland was an associate of Louis Pasteur whose technical skills and inventive mind added significantly to the experimental investigations of chicken cholera, anthrax, swine erysipelas and rabies and the development of vaccines produced by the Pasteur Institute. Trained in physics and mathematics rather than biology or medicine, he is credited with the invention of the first laboratory autoclave and the Chamberland–Pasteur porcelain filter. His laboratory of applied microbiology within the Pasteur Institute had the major responsibility for producing commercial anthrax vaccines and advising satellite Pasteur institutes.

Keywords: Charles Chamberland; Louis Pasteur; Pasteur Institute; anthrax vaccine; commercial vaccines; autoclave; Chamberland–Pasteur filter

 References
    Cadeddu A (1985) Pasteur et le choléra des poules. Révision critique d'un récit historique. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 7: 87–104.
    Cassirer M (2008) Producing, controlling and stabilizing Pasteur's anthrax vaccine: creating a new industry and a health market. Science in Context 21: 253–278.
    other Chamberland C (1879) Recherches sur l'origine et le développement des organismes microscopiques. Doctoral thesis in Physical Sciences, Paris.
    Chamberland C (1884) Sur une filtre donnant de l'eau physiologiquement pure. Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences Paris 99: 247–248.
    Delaunay A (1971) Charles Edouard Chamberland. Dictionary of Scientific Biography 3: 188–189.
    book Geison GL (1995) The Private Science of Louis Pasteur. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1995. Appendix J. “Results of experiments with Chamberland's Potassium Bichromate vaccine before the Pouilly Le-Fort trial.” pp. 299–300.
    other Pasteur L, Chamberland C and Joubert L (1878) La théorie des germes et ses applications à la médecine et à la chirurgie. Comptes Rendus des Sciences 86 and Pasteur, Oeuvres Complètes. Paris, 1933, vol. 6, pp. 123–124.
    Pasteur L, Chamberland C and Roux É (1881) De l'atténuation des virus et de leur retour à la virulence. Comptes Rendus des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences 92: 429–435.
 Further Reading
    book Debré P (1998) Louis Pasteur. Translated by Ellborg Forster. Baltimore Md: Johns Hopkins University Press.

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Article Title: Chamberland, Charles Edouard
 
How to Cite close
Harvey, Joy(May 2011) Chamberland, Charles Edouard. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0002750]