Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari

WH Brock, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

Published online: April 2001

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002936

1895–1973 Finnish biochemist and Nobel Prize winner who showed the function of cozymase in lactic and propionic acid fermentation.

Keywords: enzymes; fermentation; nitrogen fixation; lactic acid; propionic acid; sugar phosphorylation

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Further Reading
	book Virtanen AI (1938) Cattle Fodder and Human Nutrition with Special Reference to Biological Nitrogen Fixation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
	book Virtanen AI (1964) "The biological fixation of nitrogen". Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1942–1962, pp. 69–105. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
	book Virtanen AI (1947) Organic Nitrogen Compounds and Higher Plants. Helsinki.
	book Barnes Z (1993) "Artturi Virtanen". In: James LK (ed.) Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 1901–1992, pp. 282–287. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
	book Leicester HM (1976) "Artturi Virtanen". In: Gillispie CC (ed.) Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 14, pp. 45–46. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
	book Magill FN (ed.) (1990) The Nobel Prize Winners Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 471–479. Pasadena, CA: Salem Press.
	book Wasson T (1987) Nobel Prize Winners, pp. 1088–1089. New York: HW Wilson.