James E Penner‐Hahn, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Published online: May 2005
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0002984
An absorption ‘edge’ is the abrupt increase in absorbance that occurs when the energy of the incident light (typically light in the X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum) exceeds the binding energy of a core electron. X-ray absorption spectroscopy uses the structured absorption on the high-energy side of an absorption edge to determine the local structure of the X-ray-absorbing atom.
Keywords: EXAFS; XANES; core-level spectroscopy; electronic-structure; oxidation state
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Figure 1. Illustration of an XAS spectrum, showing the XANES and EXAFS regions. Inset shows expansion of the XANES region. Data are for a protein containing a [2Fe-2S] cluster.
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Figure 2. Analysis of EXAFS data. Main figure shows the Fourier transform of data from
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| References | |
| Hwang J, Krebs C and Huynh BH et al. (2000) A short Fe-Fe distance in peroxodiferric ferritin: control of Fe substrate versus cofactor decay? Science 287: 122–125. | |
| Rehr JJ, Mustre de Leon J, Zabinsky SI and Albers RC (1991) Theoretical x-ray absorption fine structure standards. Journal of the American Chemical Society 113(14): 5135–5140. | |
| Riggs-Gelasco PJ, Mei R, Yocum CF and Penner-Hahn JE (1996) Reduced derivatives of the Mn cluster in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II: an EXAFS study. Journal of the American Chemical Society 118(10): 2387–2399. | |
| Roe AL, Schneider DJ and Mayer RJ et al. (1984) X-ray absorption spectroscopy of iron-tyrosinate proteins. Journal of the American Chemical Society 106: 1676. | |
| Shadle SE, Penner-Hahn JE and Schugar HJ et al. (1993) X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the blue copper site: metal and ligand K-edge studies to probe the origin of the EPR hyperfine splitting in plastocyanin. Journal of the American Chemical Society 115: 767–776. | |
| Shadle SE, Hedman B, Hodgson KO and Solomon EI (1995) Ligand K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopic studies: metal–ligand covalency in a series of transition metal tetrachlorides. Journal of the American Chemical Society 117: 2259–2272. | |
| Westre TE, Kennepohl P and DeWitt JG et al. (1997) A multiplet analysis of Fe K-edge 1s3d pre-edge features of iron complexes. Journal of the American Chemical Society 119(27): 6297–6314. | |
| Zhang K, Dong J and Auld DS (1995) A time-resolved study of substrate hydrolysis of carboxypeptidase-A. Physica B 209(1–4): 719–721. | |
| Further Reading | |
| Bart JCJ (1986) Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy in catalysis. Advances in Catalysis 34: 203–296. | |
| book Koningsberger DC and Prins R (1988) X-ray Absorption: Principles, Applications, Techniques of EXAFS, SEXAFS, and XANES. New York: Wiley. | |
| book Penner-Hahn JE (1988) "X-ray absorption spectroscopy for characterizing metal clusters in proteins: possibilities and limitations". In: Que L Jr (ed.) ACS Symposium Series, pp. 28–48. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. | |
| book Penner-Hahn JE, Wang S and Waldo GS (1991) "Polarized X-ray absorption spectroscopy of biological molecules". In: Hasnain SS (ed.) X-ray Absorption Fine Structure, pp. 146–151. New York: Ellis Horwood. | |
| Riggs-Gelasco PJ, Stemmler TL and Penner-Hahn JE (1995) XAFS of dinuclear metal sites in proteins and model compounds. Coordination Chemistry Reviews 144: 245–286. | |
| Scott RA (1985) Measurement of metal–ligand distances by EXAFS. Methods in Enzymology 117: 414–459. | |
| book Teo BK (1986) EXAFS: Basic Principles and Data Analysis. New York: Springer-Verlag. | |
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