Peptidylproline cis–trans‐Isomerases

Gunter Fischer, Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
Franz‐Xaver Schmid, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany

Published online: April 2001

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0003020

Peptidylproline cis–trans-isomerases are ubiquitous enzymes that bind to Xaa-Pro peptide bonds in proteins and catalyse their isomerization. In addition to their role as folding helpers they are involved in multiple functions including cellular regulation.

Keywords: cyclophilin; FKBP; parvulin; protein folding

Figure 1. A prolyl peptide bond in the cis and trans isomeric forms. In the trans form, the two flanking C atoms are on opposite sides of the C–N bond; this is equivalent to a dihedral angle () of 180°. In the cis form, the two flanking C atoms are on the same side of the C–N bond; this is equivalent to a dihedral angle () of 0°.
Figure 2. Chemical structure of cyclosporin A (CSA). Ala, alanine; MeLeu, N-methyl leucine; Sar, sarcosine; Abu, l--aminoisobutyric acid; MeBmt1, (4R)-4[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-N-dimethyl-l-threonine.
Figure 3. Chemical structures of (a) FK506 and (b) rapamycin.
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 References
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 Further Reading
    book Fischer G (1994) Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases and their effectors. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in English 33: 1415–1436.
    book Fischer G and Schmid FX (1998) "Peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerases". Bukau B (ed.) Molecular Biology of Chaperones and Folding Catalysts, pp. 455–483. New York: Harwood Academic Publishers.
    Galat A and Metcalfe SM (1995) Peptidylproline cis/trans isomerases. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 63: 67–118.
    Hunter T (1998) Prolyl isomerase and nuclear function. Cell 92: 141–143.
    book Schmid FX (1998) "Catalysis of protein folding by prolyl isomerases". In: Fink AL and Goto Y (eds) Molecular Chaperones in the Life Cycle of Proteins, pp. 361–389. New York: Marcel Dekker.
    Schreiber SL (1991) Chemistry and biology of the immunophilins and their immunosuppressive ligands. Science 251: 283–287.
    Stein RL (1993) Mechanism of enzymatic and nonenzymatic prolyl cis-trans isomerization. Advances in Protein Chemistry 44: 1–24.

Related Sub-Topics:

Protein Structure | Protein Folding, Evolution and Degradation | Biomolecular Interactions | Proteins: Structure, Function, Metabolism | Enzymes: Structure and Action Mechanism
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Article Title: Peptidylproline cis–trans‐Isomerases
 
How to Cite close
Fischer, Gunter, and Schmid, Franz‐Xaver(Apr 2001) Peptidylproline cis–trans‐Isomerases. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003020]