Lakes are discrete, largely isolated ecosystems in which the interplay between physical, biogeochemical and organismal processes can be studied, understood, and put to use in effective management.
Keywords: lake; ecosystem
Lake Ecosystems
Nelson G Hairston, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Gregor F Fussmann, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
Published online: March 2002
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0003191
| References | |
| Brooks JL and Dodson SI (1965) Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science 150: 28–35. | |
| book Carpenter SR and Kitchell JF (1993) The Trophic Cascades in Lakes. New York: Cambridge University Press. | |
| book Edmondson WT (1991) The Uses of Ecology – Lake Washington and Beyond. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press. | |
| Lampert W, Fleckner W, Rai H and Taylor BE (1986) Phytoplankton control by grazing zooplankton – a study on the spring clear-water phase. Limnology and Oceanography 31: 478–490. | |
| book Likens GE (ed.) (1985) An Ecosystem Approach to Aquatic Ecology: Mirror Lake and its Environment. New York: Springer-Verlag. | |
| Schindler DW (1974) Eutrophication and recovery in experimental lakes: Implications for lake management. Science 184: 897–899. | |
| Schindler DW (1978) Factors regulating phytoplankton production and standing crop in the world's freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography 23: 478–486. | |
| Further Reading | |
| book Lampert W and Sommer U (1997) Limnoecology: The Ecology of Lakes and Streams. New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| book Wetzel RG (2001) Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. New York: Academic Press. | |
