Ecological Modelling

Ecological modelling is the use of systems analysis and simulation to mimic complex ecological systems by summarizing available relevant information. The process includes the development of conceptual and quantitative models, and the evaluation and use of the model to answer the specific questions for which the model was built.

Keywords: systems analysis; ecological modelling; simulation

Figure 1. Comparison of different methods to solve problems, depending on the relative level of understanding of and the relative amount of data available for the system (from Grant et al. 1997, modified from Starfield and Bleloch 1991).
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 References
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    Mitchell PL (1997) Misuse of regression for empirical validation of models. Agricultural Systems 54: 313–326.
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    Pedersen EK, Connelly JW, Hendrickson J and Grant WE (2003) Effects of sheep grazing and fire on sage grouse populations in southeastern Idaho. Ecological Modelling 165: 23–47.
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 Further Reading
    Flavelle P (1992) A quantitative measure of model validation and its potential use for regulatory purposes. Advances in Water Resources 16: 5–13.
    book Hall CAS and Day JW (1990) Ecosystem Modeling in Theory and Practice. University Press of Colorado.
    book Jørgensen SE and Bendoricchio G (2001) Fundamentals of Ecological Modeling, 3rd edn. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
    Kleijnen JPC, Bettonvil B and van Groenendaal W (1998) Validation of trace-driven simulation models: a novel regression test. Management Science 44: 812–819.
    book Law AM and Kelton WD (1991) Simulation Modeling and Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Mayer DG, Stuart MA and Swain AJ (1994) Regression of real world data on model output; an appropriate overall test of validity. Agricultural Systems 45: 93–104.
    Oreskes N, Shrader-Frechette K and Belitz K (1994) Verification, validation and confirmation of numerical models in the earth sciences. Science 263: 641–646.
    Qureshi ME, Harrison SR and Wegener MK (1999) Validation of multicriteria analysis models. Agricultural Systems 62: 105–116.
    Rykiel EJ Jr (1996) Testing ecological models: the meaning of validation. Ecological Modelling 90: 229–244.
    book Shannon RE (1975) Systems Simulation: The Art and the Science Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    book Starfield AM, Smith KA and Bleloch AL (1990) How To Model It. Problem Solving for the Computer Age New York: McGraw-Hill.
    Velayas JM and Levary RR (1987) Validation of simulation models using decision theory. Simulation 48: 87–92.
    Wu GW and Wilson LT (1998) Parameterization, verification and validation of a physiologically complex age-structured rice simulation model. Agricultural Systems 56: 483–511.
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Pittroff, Wolfgang, and Pedersen, Ellen K(May 2005) Ecological Modelling. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003270]