Joshua Lederberg, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
Published online: January 2006
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0004266
Biological warfare (BW) is the deliberate promulgation of infectious agents to make war. Defence against BW attacks will call on the utmost of our moral as well as technological ingenuity.
Keywords: biological warfare; biological weapons; infectious disease; bioterrorism; anthrax
| Further Reading | |
| book Alibek K (1999) Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in the World, Told from the Inside by the Man Who Ran it. New York: Random House. | |
| book Committee on R&D Needs for Improving Civilian Medical Response to Chemical and Biological Terrorism Incidents, Institute of Medicine (1999) Chemical and Biological Terrorism: Research and Development to Improve Civilian Medical Response. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. | |
| book Crosby AW (1986) Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 900–1900. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. | |
| book Frist WH (2002) When Every Moment Counts: What You Need to Know about Bioterrorism from the Senate's Only Doctor. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. | |
| book Guillemin J (1999) Anthrax: The Investigation of a Deadly Outbreak. Berkeley: University of California Press. | |
| book Knobler SL, Mahmoud AAF and Pray LA (eds) (2002) Biological Threats and Terrorism: Assessing the Science and Response Capabilities: Workshop Summary. Washington DC: National Academy Press. | |
| book Lederberg J (ed.) (1999) Biological Weapons: Limiting the Threat. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. | |
| book Miller J, Engelberg S and Broad W (2001) Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War. New York: Simon & Schuster. | |
| book Sidell FR, Takafuji ET and Franz DR (eds) (1997) Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Washington DC: Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. | |
| Tucker JB (2002) A farewell to germs: The US renunciation of biological and toxin warfare, 1969–70. International Security 27(1): 107–148. | |
| book Zajtchuk R (1997) Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. Bethesda, MD: Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army. Available at http://www.vnh.org. | |
| ePath Websites. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/. | |
| ePath http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org. | |
| ePath http://pubs.ama-assn.org/bioterr.html. | |
| ePath http://www.promedmail.org. | |
| ePath http://www. asmbiodefense.org. | |
| ePath http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus. | |
| ePath http://www.sipri.org. | |
| ePath An outstanding resource on the history of chemical and biological warfare is the series of publications under the headings The Problem of Chemical and Biological Warfare and SIPRI Chemical and Biological Warfare Studies dating from 1971 to the present. Issued by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute http://www.sipri.org. | |
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