Aimin Liu, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
Charlotte Wang, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
Lee Niswander, Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
Published online: May 2005
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0003306
Fibroblast growth factors play a key role in a variety of developmental processes, including branching morphogenesis of the invertebrate tracheal system and vertebrate lung, as well as the cell movements of gastrulation.
Keywords: fibroblast growth factor; tracheal system; lung; gastrulation
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Figure 1. : FGF signalling in branching morphogenesis. (a) In Drosophila, the tracheal system is formed through multiple branching events, in which FGF (branchless) plays an important role through its receptor (breathless). Reprinted with permission from Metzger and Krasnow, Science 284: 1635–1639 © (1999) AAAS. Permission from AAAS is required for all other uses, URL: www.sciencemag.org. (b) E12.5 mouse lung stained for Nkx2.1 mRNA, which is present in the lung epithelium (courtesy of Charlotte Dean). (c) Schematic showing localized Fgf10 expression in the lung mesenchyme (red) induces lung bud (endothelium) outgrowth and genes expressed in the tip of the buds (green). Shh represses Fgf10 expression and Bmp4 and Sprouty genes repress the lateral region (yellow) of the lung bud from growing out. (d) A schematic view showing the genes involved lung branching. FGF10 induces Spry expression through Fgfr2IIIb in the endoderm. Spry and Bmp4 negatively regulate FGF signalling. Shh is expressed in endoderm and negatively regulates Fgf10 expression.
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