Eugenics

The term ‘Eugenics’ refers to a person who is hereditarily endowed with noble qualities, but is associated with improving the hereditary quality of the human species by selective breeding.

Keywords: sterilization law; IQ test; euthanasia; mendelian genetics; nazi germany

 Further Reading
    book Adams MB (ed.) (1990) "The Wellborn Science". Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil and Russia. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Allen GE (1975) Genetics, eugenics and class struggle. Genetics 79: 29–45.
    book Allen GE (1978) Life Science in the Twentieth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    Allen GE (1984) The misuse of biological hierarchies: the American eugenics movement, 1900–1940. History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 5: 105–128.
    Allen GE (1986) The Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor, 1910–1940: an essay in institutional history. Osiris (Second Series) 2: 225–264.
    book Allen GE (1987) "The role of experts in scientific controversy". In: Engelhardt HT Jr and Caplan AL (eds) Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology, pp. 169–202. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Allen GE (1989) Eugenics and American social history. Genome 31: 885–889.
    book Allen GE (1990) "Chevaux de course et chevaux de trait: Métaphores et analogies agricoles dans l'eugenisme americain, 1910–1940". In: Fischer J-L and Schneider W (eds) Histoire de la Génétique: Pratiques, Techniques, et Theories, pp. 83–98. Paris: Centre National des Lettres et Palais de la Decouverte, Goudy-Helro, SA.
    book Allen GE (1991) "Old wine in new bottles: from eugenics to population control in the work of Raymond Pearl". In: Rainger R, Benson K and Maienschein J (eds) The Expansion of American Biology, pp. 231–261. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
    book Allen GE (1992) "Julian Huxley and the eugenical view of human evolution". In: Waters KC and van Helden A (eds) Julian Huxley: Biologist and Statesman of Science, pp. 193–222; 307–309. Houston: Rice University Press.
    book Allen GE (1998) "Opposition to eugenics: The American response". Paper presented at the Conference on Eugenics in Scandinavia sponsored by the Norwegian Academy of Science, 20–22 November 1997, Oslo, Norway.
    book Barkan E (1992) "The Retreat of Scientific Racism". Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States between the World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    Boas F (1912) Changes in the body form of descendants of immigrants. American Anthropologist 14(3): 530–562.
    proceedings Boas F (1915) New evidence in regard to the instability of human types. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2: 713–718.
    book Broberg G and Roll-Hansen N (eds) (1996) "Eugenics and the Welfare State". Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.
    book Castle WE (1916) "Genetics and Eugenics". A Text-book for Students of Biology and A Reference Book for Animal and Plant Breeders. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    book Chase A (1977) The Legacy of Malthus. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
    book Conklin EG (1915) Heredity and Environment in the Development of Men. Princeton, NS: Princeton University Press.
    book Darwin L (1926) Eugenic Reform. London: John Murray.
    book Davenport CB (1910) Eugenics. New York: Henry Holt.
    book Davenport CB (1911) Heredity in Relation to Eugenics. New York: Henry Holt.
    proceedings Davenport CB (1915) Huntington's Chorea in relation to heredity and eugenics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 1: 283–285.
    book Davenport CB, Laughlin HH, Weeks DF, Johnstone ER and Goddard HH (1911) "The study of human heredity". Cold Spring Harbor, Eugenics Record Office Bulletin No. 2: 1–17.
    book East EM and Jones DF (1919) Inbreeding and Outbreeding. Philadelphia: Lippincott.
    book Farrall LA (1970) "The Origin and Growth of the British Eugenics Movement". PhD Dissertation, Indiana University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
    Farrall LA (1979) The history of eugenics: A bibliographical review. Annals of Science 36: 111–123.
    book Follett AV (1997) Examination for Discovery Transcript. May 20, 21, 22, 23.
    book Galton F (1883) Inquiries into Human Faculty and Its Development. London: Macmillan.
    book Gibson D (1997–1998) Examination for Discovery, Transcript. September 10, 11, 12, 1997; June 22, 23 and 24, 1998.
    book Goddard HH (1912) The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeblemindedness. New York: Macmillan.
    book Goddard HH (1914) Feeblemindedness: Its Causes and Consequences. New York: Macmillan.
    book Grant M (1916) The Passing of the Great Race. New York: Scribners.
    book Haller M (1963) Eugenics. Hereditarian Attitudes in American Thought. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press [New edition by University of Chicago Press].
    book Hassencahl F (1970) "Harry H. Laughlin, ‘Expert Eugenics Agent’ for the House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 1921 to 1931". PhD Dissertation, Case Western Reserve University. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
    Jennings HS (1924) Heredity and environment. Scientific Monthly 19: 237.
    book Jennings HS (1925) Prometheus, or Biology and the Advancement of Man. London: Kegan Paul.
    Jennings HS (1926) Presidential address to the Zoological Section, AAAS. Science: 19–25.
    Jennings HS (1927) Public health progress and race progress – are they incompatible? Science 66: 45–49.
    Jones G (1982) Eugenics and social policy between the wars. Historical Journal 25: 717–728.
    book Jones G (1986) Social Hygiene in Twentieth Century Britain. London: Croon Helm.
    book Kamin LJ (1974) The Science and Politics of I.Q. Potomac, MD: Lawrence Erlbaum Press.
    book Kevles DJ (1985) In the Name of Eugenics. New York, Alfred A. Knopf.
    book Krahn H, Odynak D and Grekul J (1999) A Profile of the Activities of the Alberta Eugenics Board, 1929–1972. Draft Manuscript from the Population Research Laboratory, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, 14 April 1999.
    book Kuhl S (1993) "The Nazi Connection". Eugenics, American Racism and German National Socialism. New York: Oxford University Press.
    Lombardo PA (1985) Three generations of imbeciles: new light on Buck vs. Bell. New York University Law Review1984–1985: 30–62.
    book Ludmerer K (1972) Genetics and American Society: A Historical Appraisal. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
    book McClaren A (1990) Our Own Master Race: Eugenics in Canada, 1885–1945. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
    MacLean RR and Kibblewhite EJ (1937) Sexual sterilization in Alberta. Canadian Public Health Journal (December): 587–590.
    book Mazumdar PMH (1992) "Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings". The Eugenics Society, its Sources and its Critics in Britain. London: Routledge.
    book Mehler B (1987) A History of the American Eugenics Society, 1921–1940. PhD Dissertation: University of Illinois (Champaign-Urbana).
    book Montague A (1959) Human Heredity. Cleveland, OH: World Publishing Co.
    book Morgan TH (1925) Evolution and Genetics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    Muller HJ (1933) The dominance of economics over eugenics. Scientific Monthly 37: 40–47.
    book Myerson A, Ayer JB, Putnam TJ, Keeler CE and Alexander L (1936) Eugenical Sterilization: A Reorientation of the Problem. New York: Macmillan.
    Paul D (1984) Eugenics and the Left. Journal of the History of Ideas 45: 567–590.
    book Paul D and Kimmelman B (1988) "Mendel in America: theory and practice, 1900–1919". In: Rainger R, Benson K and Maienschein J (eds) The American Development of Biology, pp. 281–310. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
    Paul D and Spencer HG (1995) The hidden science of eugenics. Nature 374(March 23): 302–304.
    Pearl R (1927) The biology of superiority. American Mercury 1: 257–266.
    book Pickens DK (1968) Eugenics and the Progressives. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press.
    book Proctor R (1988) Racial Hygiene: Medicine under the Nazis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    book Reilly P (1992) "The Surgical Solution". A History of Involuntary Sterilization in the United States. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
    Roll-Hansen N (1989) Eugenic sterilization: a preliminary comparison of the Scandinavian experience to that of Germany. Genome 31(2): 890–895.
    book Selden S (1987) "Confronting social attitudes in textbooks: the response and responsibility of today's educator". In: Molnar A Social Change and Education, pp. 31–45. Alexandria, VA: ASCD Publishers
    book Stepan N (1991) The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender and Nation in Latin American. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
    book Stoddard L (1920) The Rising Tide of Colour Against White World Supremacy. New York: Scribners.
    book Taylor LB (1998) Examination for Discovery, Transcript. July 22, 23, 24.
    book Thompson JS and Thompson MW (1966) Genetics in Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders.
    Thompson MW (1959) New heredity counseling service in Western Canada. Eugenics Quarterly 66: 167–170.
    book Thompson MW (1997) Examination for Discovery, Transcript. May 5, 6, 7, 8 9; July 21, 22, 23.
    book Thompson RK (1997) Examination for Discovery, Transcript. May 5, 6, 7, 8, 12, 13; June 14, 15, 16; November 3, 4.
    Vecoli R (1960) Sterilization: a progressive measure? Wisconsin Magazine of History 43: 190–202.
    Weindling P (1985) Weimar Eugenics: the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for anthropology, human heredity and eugenics in social context. Annals of Science 42: 303–318.
    book Weiss SF (1987) Race Hygiene and National Efficiency. The Eugenics of Wilhelm Schallmayer. Berkeley: University of California Press.
    book Zenderland L (1998) Measuring Minds. New York: Cambridge University Press.
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Allen, Garland E(Apr 2001) Eugenics. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0003485]