Robert J Marquis, University of Missouri‐St Louis, Missouri, USA
Published online: May 2005
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0003700
The Piperales are herbs (or shrubs, small trees, and vines). Because of their close affinity to monocots, based on molecular and morphological data, and their great age, the Piperales are included in the group known as palaeoherbs.
Keywords: aristolochiaceae; hydnoraceae; lactoridaceae; piperaceae; saururaceae
| Further Reading | |
| Bernardello G, Anderson GJ, Lopez P et al. (1999) Reproductive biology of Lactoris fernandeziana (Lactoridaceae). American Journal of Botany 86: 829–840. | |
| Carlquist S, Dauer K and Nishimura SY (1995) Wood and stem anatomy of Saururaceae with reference to the ecology, phylogeny, and origin of monocotyledons. IAWA Journal 16: 133–150. | |
| book Donaghue MJ and Doyle JL (1989) "Phylogenetic analysis of angiosperms and the relationships of Hamamelidae". In: Crane R and Blackmore S (eds) Evolution, Systematics, and Fossil History of the Hamamelidae, vol. 1, pp. 17–45. Oxford, UK: Clarendon. | |
| Dyer LA and Letourneau DK (1999) Trophic cascades in a complex terrestrial community. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 96: 5072–5076. | |
| book Faegri K and van der Pijl L (1979) The Principles of Pollination Ecology. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press. | |
| Fleming TH (1981) Fecundity, fruiting pattern, and seed dispersal in Piper amalago (Piperaceae), a bat-dispersed tropical shrub. Oecologia 51: 42–46. | |
| Hall DW and Brown BV (1993) Pollination of Aristolochia littoralis (Aristolochiales: Aristolochiaceae) by males of Megaselia spp. Diptera: Phoridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 86: 609–613. | |
| Jaramillo MA and Manos PS (2001) Phylogeny and patterns of floral diversity in the genus Piper (Piperaceae). American Journal of Botany 88: 706–716. | |
| book Musselman LJ (2000) Hydnoraceae, Flowering Plant Families of Tropical America. New York: New York Botanical Garden. | |
| Otero R, Nunez V, Barona J et al. (2000) Snakebites and ethnobotany in the northwest region of Colombia. Part III: Neutralization of the haemorrhagic effect of Bothrops atrox venom. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 73: 233–241. | |
| Sakai S (2002) Aristolochia spp. (Aristolochiaceae) pollinated by flies breeding on decomposing flowers in Panama. American Journal of Botany 89: 527–534. | |
| book Tebbs MC (1993) "Piperaceae". In: Kubitzki K, Rower JG and Bittrich V (eds). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, vol. II, pp. 516–520. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag. | |
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