Masatoshi Nei, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
Jianzhi Zhang, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
Published online: July 2006
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0005108
Evolutionary distance refers to the number of nucleotide substitutions per site between two homologous DNA sequences or the number of amino acid substitutions per site between two homologous protein sequences.
Keywords: nucleotide substitution; synonymous distance; nonsynonymous distance; protein evolution
| References | |
| book Dayhoff MO, Schwartz RM and Hung LT (1978) "A model of evolutionary change in proteins". In: Dayhoff MO (ed.) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure, pp. 345–352. Silver Spring, MD: National Biomedical Research Foundation | |
| Goldman N and Yang Z (1994) A codon-based model of nucleotide substitution for protein-coding DNA sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 11: 725–736. | |
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| Hughes AL, Ota T and Nei M (1990) Positive Darwinian selection promotes charge profile diversity in the antigen-binding cleft of class I major-histocompatibility-complex molecules. Molecular Biology and Evolution 7: 515–524. | |
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| Nei M and Gojobori T (1986) Simple methods for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions. Molecular Biology and Evolution 3: 418–426. | |
| book Nei M and Kumar S (2000) Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| Tajima F and Nei M (1984) Estimation of evolutionary distance between nucleotide sequences. Molecular Biology and Evolution 1: 269–285. | |
| Tamura K and Nei M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512–526. | |
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| Further Reading | |
| Comeron JM (1995) A method for estimating the numbers of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions per site. Journal of Molecular Evolution 41: 1152–1159. | |
| Kimura M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution 16: 111–120. | |
| Li WH (1993) Unbiased estimation of the rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 36: 96–99. | |
| Zhang J, Rosenberg HF and Nei M (1998) Positive Darwinian selection after gene duplication in primate ribonuclease genes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95: 3708–3713. | |
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