Marta Gwinn, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Muin J Khoury, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Published online: January 2006
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0005432
Epidemiological studies are useful for investigating the prevalence of genetic traits, gene–disease associations, and gene–gene and gene–environment interactions. Epidemiological tools are used to select study samples, estimate risk and evaluate associations.
Keywords: epidemiology; disease; prevalence; association; interaction
| References | |
| Beaty TH and Khoury MJ (2000) Interface of genetics and epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews 22: 120–125. | |
| Bodmer W (1999) Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and its gene, APC. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 86: 99–104. | |
| book Holtzmann NA and Watson MS (eds.) (1997) Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States: Final Report of the Task Force on Genetic Testing. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. (A full version of this report is available online: see Web Links.) | |
| Khoury MJ and Beaty TH (1994) Applications of the case–control method in genetic epidemiology. Epidemiologic Reviews 16: 134–150. | |
| book Khoury MJ, Beaty TH and Cohen BH (1993) Fundamentals of Genetic Epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| Khoury MJ and Flanders WD (1996) Nontraditional epidemiological approaches in the analysis of gene–environmental interaction: case–control studies with no controls! American Journal of Epidemiology 144: 207–213. | |
| Miettinen OS (1974) Proportion of disease caused or prevented by a given exposure, trait or intervention. American Journal of Epidemiology 99: 325–332. | |
| Woodage T, King SM, Wacholder S, et al. (1998) The APCI1307K allele and cancer risk in a community-based study of Ashkenazi Jews. Nature Genetics 20: 62–65. | |
| Yang Q and Khoury MJ (1997) Evolving methods in genetic epidemiology. III. Gene–environment interaction in epidemiologic research. Epidemiologic Reviews 19: 33–43. | |
| Further Reading | |
| Ellsworth DL and Manolio TA (1999) The emerging importance of genetics in epidemiologic research. I. Basic concepts in human genetics and laboratory technology. Annals of Epidemiology 9: 1–16. | |
| Ellsworth DL and Manolio TA (1999) The emerging importance of genetics in epidemiologic research. II. Issues in study design and gene mapping. Annals of Epidemiology 9: 75–90. | |
| Ellsworth DL and Manolio TA (1999) The emerging importance of genetics in epidemiologic research. III. Bioinformatics and statistical genetic methods. Annals of Epidemiology 9: 207–224. | |
| Goldstein AM and Andrieu N (1999) Detection of interaction involving identified genes: available study designs. Monographs of the National Cancer Institute 26: 49–54. | |
| Khoury MJ and Dorman JS (1998) The human genome epidemiology network. American Journal of Epidemiology 148: 1–3. | |
| Khoury MJ and Little J (2000) Human genome epidemiologic reviews: the beginning of something HuGE. American Journal of Epidemiology 151: 2–3. | |
| book Last JM (ed.) (1988) A Dictionary of Epidemiology New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| book Rothman KJ and Greenland S (1998) Modern Epidemiology Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. | |
| book Schlesselman JJ (1982) Case–Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press. | |
| Web Links | |
| ePath The National Human Genome Research Institute. Promoting Safe and Effective Genetic Testing in the United States. Final Report of the Task Force on Genetic Testing http://www.nhgri.nih.gov/ELSI/TFGT_final/ | |
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