Standard chromosome preparations can be obtained from various tissues containing dividing cells.
Keywords: chromosome culture; chromosome preparation; metaphase; cell culture; immortalized cell lines; fragile-site; fiber-fish
Chromosome Preparation
Elisabeth Blennow, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Published online: January 2006
DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0005776
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Figure 1. Principles of cell culture and standard chromosome preparation.
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| References | |
| Fidlerova H, Senger G, Kost M, Sanseau P and Sheer D (1994) Two simple procedures for releasing chromatin from routinely fixed cells for fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 65: 203–205. | |
| book Gersen SL and Keagle MB (eds.) (1999) The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. | |
| Glover TW (1998) Instability at chromosomal fragile sites. Recent Results in Cancer Research 154: 185–199. | |
| Haaf T and Ward DC (1994) Structural analysis of alpha-satellite DNA and centromere proteins using extended chromatin and chromosomes. Human Molecular Genetics 3: 697–709. | |
| Heng HH, Squire J and Tsui LC (1992) High-resolution mapping of mammalian genes by in situ hybridization to free chromatin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89(20): 9509–9513. | |
| Heng HHQ and Tsui LC (1998) High resolution free chromatin/DNA fiber fluorescent in situ hybridization. Journal of Chromatography A 806: 219–229. | |
| Mangelsdorf M, Ried K, Woollatt E, et al. (2000) Chromosomal fragile site FRA16D and DNA instability in cancer. Cancer Research 60: 1683–1689. | |
| Michalet X, Ekong R, Fougerousse F, et al. (1997) Dynamic molecular combing: stretching the whole human genome for high-resolution studies. Science 277: 1518–1523. | |
| Parra I and Windle B (1993) High resolution visual mapping of stretched DNA by fluorescent hybridization. Nature Genetics 5: 17–21. | |
| book Rooney DE (ed.) (2001) Human Cytogenetics: Constitutional Analysis – A Practical Approach, 3rd edn. Oxford, UK: IRL/Oxford University Press. | |
| Sutherland GR and Baker E (2000) The clinical significance of fragile sites on human chromosomes. Clinical Genetics 58: 157–161. | |
| Wiegant J, Kalle W, Mullenders L, et al. (1992) High-resolution in situ hybridization using DNA halo preparations. Human Molecular Genetics 1: 587–591. | |
| Yeager TR and Reddel RR (1999) Constructing immortalized human cell lines. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10: 465–469. | |
| Further Reading | |
| Houseal TW, Dackowski WR, Landes GM and Klinger KW (1994) High resolution mapping of overlapping cosmids by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytometry 15: 193–198. | |
| Senger G, Jones TA, Fidlerova H, et al. (1994) Released chromatin: linearized DNA for high resolution fluorescence in situ hybridization. Human Molecular Genetics 3: 1275–1280. | |
| Web Links | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(X)(q27.3), (macroorchidism, mental retardation) (FRAXA); Locus ID: 2477. LocusLink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?l=2477 | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(X)(q28) (FRAXE); Locus ID: 2481. LocusLink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?l=2481 | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(11)(q23.3) (FRA11B); Locus ID: 2439. LocusLink: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?l=2439 | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(X)(q27.3), (macroorchidism, mental retardation) (FRAXA); MIM number: 309550. OMIM: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?309550 | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(X)(q28) (FRAXE); MIM number: 309548. OMIM: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?309548 | |
| ePath Fragile site, folic acid type, rare, fra(11)(q23.3) (FRA11B); MIM number: 600651. OMIM: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/htbin-post/Omim/dispmim?600651 | |
