Chromosome 21

Emilie Ait Yahya‐Graison, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
Jean Maurice Delabar, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France

Published online: July 2007

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0005830.pub2

Human chromosome 21 is the smallest of the five acrocentric chromosomes and contains ~1.4% of the genetic material in the genome. Although relatively gene-poor, it contains around 10 genes Mb–1, a ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene cluster and three keratin-associated protein clusters.

Keywords: chromosome 21; sequencing; Down syndrome; Alzheimer disease; leukaemia

Figure 1. Unequal distribution of nonconserved genes on chromosome 21. Left axis indicates the number of genes in each 5 Mb interval; right axis indicates the proportion of conserved, minimally conserved and nonconserved genes among the total genes.
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    ePath Chromosome 21 gene function and pathway database with knowledge discovery tools: http://eri.uchsc.edu/chromosome21/index.html/ and http://chr21db.cudenver.edu/
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    ePath Department of Genome Analysis Jena: sequencing data. http://genome.imb-jena.de/
    ePath Department of Molecular Biology Keio University School of Medicine: sequencing data. http://adenine.dmb.med.keio.ac.jp/
    Gardiner K, Ichikawa H, Ohki M, Patterson D and Cheng JF (1995) Localization of cDNAs to a region poorly represented in the CEPH chromosome 21 YAC contig: candidate genes for genetic diseases mapped to 21q22.3. Genomics 30(2): 376–379.
    ePath GBF Department of Genome Analysis, Braunschweig: sequencing data. http://genome.gbf.de/
    Gitton Y, Dahmane N, Baik S et al. (2002) A gene expression map of human chromosome 21 orthologues in the mouse. Nature 420(6915): 586–590.
    ePath HGRG Human Genome Research Group. Chromosome 21: Sequence data and annotation. http://hgp.gsc.riken.go.jp/data_tools/data_chr21.html
    ePath Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics. Human Chromosome 21: an integrated chromosome 21 database. http://chr21.molgen.mpg.de/
    ePath National Center for Biotechnology Information: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): catalogue of human genes and genetic disorders. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/
    ePath Partial aneuploidies of chromosome 21. A database for research on trisomy 21. http://www.diderotp7.jussieu.fr/GRT21/aneu21.htm
    Reymond A, Marigo V, Yaylaoglu MB et al. (2002) Human chromosome 21 gene expression atlas in the mouse. Nature 420(6915): 582–586.
    ePath University of Geneva Medical School/Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. Human Chromosome 21 cSNP Database and MAP: cSNP database. http://csnp.unige.ch/

Related Sub-Topics:

Genes, Molecules and Cellular Processes | Evolution and Development | Human Evolution | Human Evolution | Population Structure and Genetics | Population Structure and Genetics
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Article Title: Chromosome 21
 
How to Cite close
Yahya‐Graison, Emilie Ait, and Delabar, Jean Maurice(Jul 2007) Chromosome 21. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0005830.pub2]