| References |
|
|
Akao Y,
Nakagawa Y and
Naoe T
(2006)
Let-7 microRNA functions as a potential growth suppressor in human colon cancer cells.
Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin
29:
903–906.
|
|
|
Alexander VM,
Roy M,
Steffens KA,
Kunnimalaiyaan M and
Chen H
(2010)
Azacytidine induces cell cycle arrest and suppression of neuroendocrine markers in carcinoids.
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
3:
95–102.
|
|
|
Arai M,
Yokosuka O,
Hirasawa Y et al.
(2006)
Sequential gene expression changes in cancer cell lines after treatment with the demethylation agent 5-Aza-2¢-deoxycytidine.
Cancer
106:
2514–2525.
|
|
|
Baylin SB and
Herman JG
(2000)
DNA hypermethylation in tumorigenesis: epigenetics joins genetics.
Trends in Genetics
16:
168–174.
|
|
|
Bender CM,
Pao MM and
Jones PA
(1998)
Inhibition of DNA methylation by 5-aza-2¢-deoxycytidine suppresses the growth of human tumour cell lines.
Cancer Research
58:
95–101.
|
|
|
Bostick M,
Kim JK,
Estève PO et al.
(2007)
UHRF1 plays a role in maintaining DNA methylation in mammalian cells.
Science
317:
1760–1764.
|
|
|
Catteau A,
Harris WH,
Xu CF and
Solomon E
(1999)
Methylation of the BRCA1 promoter region in sporadic breast and ovarian cancer: correlation with disease characteristics.
Oncogene
18:
1957–1965.
|
|
|
Cheng X and
Blumenthal RM
(2008)
Mammalian DNA methyltransferases: a structural perspective.
Structure
16:
341–350.
|
|
|
Chow JC and
Brown CJ
(2003)
Forming facultative heterochromatin: silencing of an X chromosome in mammalian females.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
60:
2586–2603.
|
|
|
Daskalos A,
Oleksiewicz U,
Filia A et al.
(2010)
UHRF1-mediated tumor suppressor gene inactivation in nonsmall cell lung cancer.
Cancer November 8. [Epub ahead of print].
|
|
|
Deng G,
Song GA,
Pong E,
Sleisenger M and
Kim YS
(2004)
Promoter methylation inhibits APC gene expression by causing changes in chromatin conformation and interfering with the binding of transcription factor CCAAT-binding factor.
Cancer Research
64:
2692–2698.
|
|
|
De Smet C,
Lurquin C,
Lethe B,
Martelange V and
Boon T
(1999)
DNA methylation is the primary silencing mechanism for a set of germ line- and tumour-specific genes with a CpG-rich promoter.
Molecular and Cellular Biology
19:
7327–7335.
|
|
|
Ehrlich M
(2009)
DNA hypomethylation in cancer cells.
Epigenomics
1:
239–259.
|
|
|
Esteller M,
Sanchez-Cespedes M,
Rosell R et al.
(1999)
Detection of aberrant promoter hypermethylation of tumour suppressor genes in serum DNA from non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Cancer Research
59:
67–70.
|
|
|
Garzon R,
Liu S,
Fabbri M et al.
(2009)
MicroRNA-29b induces global DNA hypomethylation and tumour suppressor gene reexpression in acute myeloid leukemia by targeting directly DNMT3A and 3B and indirectly DNMT1.
Blood
113:
6411–6418.
|
|
|
Goll MG and
Bestor TH
(2005)
Eukaryotic cytosine methyltransferases.
Annual Review of Biochemistry
74:
481–514.
|
|
|
Gonzalez-Zulueta M,
Bender CM,
Yang AS et al.
(1995)
Methylation of the 5¢ CpG island of the p16/CDKN2 tumour suppressor gene in normal and transformed human tissues correlates with gene silencing.
Cancer Research
55:
4531–4535.
|
|
|
Gonzalo V,
Lozano JJ,
Muñoz J et al.
Gastrointestinal Oncology Group of the Spanish Gastroenterological Association
(2010)
Aberrant gene promoter methylation associated with sporadic multiple colorectal cancer.
PLoS One
5:
e8777.
|
|
|
He L and
Hannon GJ
(2004)
MicroRNAs: small RNAs with a big role in gene regulation.
Nature Reviews. Genetics
5:
522–531.
|
|
|
Herman JG,
Latif F,
Weng Y et al.
(1994)
Silencing of the VHL tumour-suppressor gene by DNA methylation in renal carcinoma.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
91:
9700–9704.
|
|
|
Hiltunen MO,
Alhonen L,
Koistinaho J et al.
(1997)
Hypermethylation of the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) gene promoter in human colorectal carcinoma.
International Journal of Cancer
70:
644–648.
|
|
|
Hsieh CL
(1994)
Dependence of transcriptional repression on CpG methylation density.
Molecular and Cell Biology
14:
5487–5494.
|
|
|
Issa JP
(2004)
CpG island methylator phenotype in cancer.
Nature Reviews. Cancer
4:
988–993.
|
|
|
Johnson SM,
Grosshans H,
Shingara J et al.
(2005)
RAS is regulated by the let-7 microRNA family.
Cell
120:
635–647.
|
|
|
Jones PL,
Veenstra GJ,
Wade PA et al.
(1998)
Methylated DNA and MeCP2 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription.
Nature Genetics
19:
187–191.
|
|
|
Kane MF,
Loda M,
Gaida GM et al.
(1997)
Methylation of the hMLH1 promoter correlates with lack of expression of hMLH1 in sporadic colon tumours and mismatch repair-defective human tumour cell lines.
Cancer Research
57:
808–811.
|
|
|
Karpf AR,
Bai S,
James SR,
Mohler JL and
Wilson EM
(2009)
Increased expression of androgen receptor coregulator MAGE-11 in prostate cancer by DNA hypomethylation and cyclic AMP.
Molecular Cancer Research
7:
523–535.
|
|
|
Katzenellenbogen RA,
Baylin SB and
Herman JG
(1999)
Hypermethylation of the DAP-kinase CpG island is a common alteration in B-cell malignancies.
Blood
93:
4347–4353.
|
|
|
Kobayashi K,
Ouchida M,
Tsuji T et al.
(2002)
Reduced expression of the REIC/Dkk-3gene by promoter-hypermethylation in human tumour cells.
Gene
282:
151–158.
|
|
|
Koga Y,
Pelizzola M,
Cheng E et al.
(2009)
Genome-wide screen of promoter methylation identifies novel markers in melanoma.
Genome Research
19:
1462–1470.
|
|
|
Kondo Y and
Issa JP
(2004)
Epigenetic changes in colorectal cancer.
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews
23:
29–39.
|
|
|
Leone G,
Voso MT,
Teofili L and
Lübbert M
(2003)
Inhibitors of DNA methylation in the treatment of hematological malignancies and MDS.
Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology
109:
89–102.
|
|
|
Lujambio A and
Esteller M
(2007)
CpG island hypermethylation of tumour suppressor microRNAs in human cancer.
Cell Cycle
6:
1455–1459.
|
|
|
Lujambio A,
Ropero S,
Ballestar E et al.
(2007)
Genetic unmasking of an epigenetically silenced microRNA in human cancer cells.
Cancer Research
67:
1424–1429.
|
|
|
Malumbres M,
Pérez de Castro I,
Santos J,
Fernández Piqueras J and
Pellicer A
(1999)
Hypermethylation of the cell cycle inhibitor p15INK4b 3’-untranslated region interferes with its transcriptional regulation in primary lymphomas.
Oncogene
18:
385–396.
|
|
|
Martin V,
Ribieras S,
Rio MC and
Dante R
(1998)
The estrogen responsive element of the pS2 gene is recognized by a methylation sensitive DNA binding protein.
Biological Chemistry
379:
409–416.
|
|
|
Nan X,
Ng HH,
Johnson CA et al.
(1998)
Transcriptional repression by the methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 involves a histone deacetylase complex.
Nature
393:
386–389.
|
|
|
Nojima D,
Nakajima K,
Li L-C et al.
(2001)
CpG methylation of promoter region inactivates E-cadherin gene in renal cell carcinoma.
Molecular Carcinogenesis
32:
19–27.
|
|
|
Ohtani-Fujita N,
Dryja TP,
Rapaport JM et al.
(1997)
Hypermethylation in the retinoblastoma gene is associated with unilateral, sporadic retinoblastoma.
Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics
98:
43–49.
|
|
|
Pieper HC,
Evert BO,
Kaut O et al.
(2008)
Different methylation of the TNF-alpha promoter in cortex and substantia nigra: implications for selective neuronal vulnerability.
Neurobiology of Disease
32:
521–527.
|
|
|
Ragvin A,
Moro E,
Fredman D et al.
(2010)
Long-range gene regulation links genomic type 2 diabetes and obesity risk regions to HHEX, SOX4, and IRX3.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
12:
775–780.
|
|
|
Rauch TA,
Zhong X,
Wu X et al.
(2008)
High-resolution mapping of DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylation in lung cancer.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA
8:
252–257.
|
|
|
Schagdarsurengin U,
Richter AM,
Hornung J et al.
(2010)
Frequent epigenetic inactivation of RASSF2 in thyroid cancer and functional consequences.
Molecular Cancer
9:
264.
|
|
|
Sharif J,
Muto M,
Takebayashi S et al.
(2007)
The SRA protein Np95 mediates epigenetic inheritance by recruiting Dnmt1 to methylated DNA.
Nature
450:
908–912.
|
|
|
Silverman LR,
Demakos EP,
Peterson BL et al.
(2002)
Randomized controlled trial of azacitidine in patients with the myelodysplastic syndrome: a study of the cancer and leukemia group B.
Journal of Clinical Oncology
20:
2429–2440.
|
|
|
Soares J,
Pinto AE,
Cunha CV et al.
(1999)
Global DNA hypomethylation in breast carcinoma: correlation with prognostic factors and tumour progression.
Cancer
85:
112–118.
|
|
|
Sunahori K,
Juang YT and
Tsokos GC
(2009)
Methylation status of CpG islands flanking a cAMP response element motif on the protein phosphatase 2Ac alpha promoter determines CREB binding and activity.
Journal of Immunology
1:
1500–1508.
|
|
|
Suzuki K,
Suzuki I,
Leodolter A et al.
(2006)
Global DNA demethylation in gastrointestinal cancer is age dependent and precedes genomic damage.
Cancer Cell
9:
199–207.
|
|
|
Wienholz BL,
Kareta MS,
Moarefi AH et al.
(2010)
DNMT3L modulates significant and distinct flanking sequence preference for DNA methylation by DNMT3A and DNMT3B in vivo.
PLoS Genetics
6:
e1001106.
|
|
|
Yu F,
Yao H,
Zhu P et al.
(2007)
let-7 regulates self renewal and tumourigenicity of breast cancer cells.
Cell
131:
1109–1123.
|
|
|
Zochbauer-Muller S,
Fong KM,
Maitra A et al.
(2001)
5¢ CpG island methylation of the FHIT gene is correlated with loss of gene expression in lung and breast cancer.
Cancer Research
61:
3581–3585.
|
|
|
Zou HZ,
Yu BM,
Wang ZW et al.
(2002)
Detection of aberrant p16 methylation in the serum of colorectal cancer patients.
Clinical Cancer Research
8:
188–191.
|
| Further Reading |
|
|
Cravo M,
Pinto R,
Fidalgo P et al.
(1996)
Global DNA hypomethylation occurs in the early stages of intestinal type gastric carcinoma.
Gut
39:
434–438.
|
|
|
Doerfler W
(1983)
DNA methylation and gene activity.
Annual Review of Biochemistry
52:
93–124.
|
|
|
Jones PA and
Laird PW
(1999)
Cancer epigenetics comes of age.
Nature Genetics
21:
163–167.
|
|
|
Kass SU,
Goddard JP and
Adams RLP
(1993)
Inactive chromatin spreads from a focus of methylation.
Molecular and Cellular Biology
13:
7372–7379.
|
| Web Links |
|
|
ePath
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL); LocusID: 7428. LocusLink http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?1=7428
|
|
|
ePath
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL); MIM number: 193300. OMIM http://www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/193300
|
|
|
ePath
Retinoblastoma (including osteosarcoma) (RB1); LocusID: 5925. LocusLink http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/LocRpt.cgi?1=5925
|
|
|
ePath
Retinoblastoma (including osteosarcoma) (RB1); MIM number: 180200. OMIM http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/180200
|
