References

Avner P and Heard E (2001) X‐chromosome inactivation: counting, choice and initiation. Nature Reviews Genetics 2: 59–67.

Chelly J and Mandel JL (2001) Monogenic causes of X‐linked mental retardation. Nature Reviews Genetics 2: 669–680.

Graves JA, Wakefield MJ and Toder R (1998) The origin and evolution of the pseudoautosomal regions of human sex chromosomes. Human Molecular Genetics 7: 1991–1996.

Hogenesch JB, Ching KA, Batalov S, et al. (2001) A comparison of the Celera and Ensembl predicted gene sets reveals little overlap in novel genes. Cell 106: 413–415.

Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, et al. (2001) Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 409: 860–921.

Lyon MF (1961) Gene action in the X‐chromosome of the mouse (Mus musculus L.). Nature 190: 372–373.

Maxfield Boumil R and Lee JT (2001) Forty years of decoding the silence in X‐chromosome inactivation. Human Molecular Genetics 10: 2225–2232.

Morison IM and Reeve AE (1998) A catalogue of imprinted genes and parent‐of‐origin effects in humans and animals. Human Molecular Genetics 7: 1599–1609.

Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, et al. (2001) The sequence of the human genome. Science 291: 1304–1351.

Willard FH (2001) The sex chromosomes and X chromosome inactivation. In: Scriver CR, Beaudet AL, Valle D and Sly WS (eds.) The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease, pp. 1191–1212. New York, NY: McGraw‐Hill.

Further Reading

Chelly J (1999) Breakthroughs in molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying X‐linked mental retardation. Human Molecular Genetics 8: 1833–1838.

Ciccodicola A, D'Esposito M, Esposito T, et al. (2000) Differentially regulated and evolved genes in the fully sequenced Xq/Yq pseudoautosomal region. Human Molecular Genetics 9: 395–401.

De Sario A, Geigl E‐M, Palmieri G, D'Urso M and Bernardi G (1996) A compositional map of human chromosome band Xq28. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93: 1298–1302.

Gianfrancesco F, Sanges R, Esposito T, et al. (2001) Differential divergence of three human pseudoautosomal genes and their mouse homologs: implications for sex chromosome evolution. Genome Research 11: 2095–2100.

Nussbaum RL, McInnes RR and Willard HF (2001) Thompson and Thompson Genetics in Medicine. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders.

Strachan T and Read AP (1999) Human Molecular Genetics. New York, NY: John Wiley.

Web Links

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/htbin‐post/Omim/getmap NCBI Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. OMIM Gene Map Diseases can be listed by chromosome location http://locus.umdnj.edu/nigms/chrmap/Xtrans.html

Coriell Cell Repositories. Catalog of cytogenetic abnormalities affecting the X chromosome http://www.infobiogen.fr/services/chromcancer/Indexbychrom/idx_X.html

Collection of cytogenetic abnormalities in cancer. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/human

NCBI Genomes Guide. A site to follow the progress and the state of the art of the Human Genome project http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Omim/

NCBI Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Home Page On‐line Mendelian Inheritance in Man, the central database of human genes and Mendelian characters. MIM numbers are the index numbers for entries in OMIM http://www.gene.ucl.ac.uk/cgi‐bin/nomenclature/searchgenes.pl

Genew: Human Gene Nomenclature Database Search Engine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/LocusLink/

NCBI LocusLink