Microarrays in Drug Discovery and Development

Christine Debouck, GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, USA
Allen D Roses, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA

Published online: January 2006

DOI: 10.1038/npg.els.0005951

Microarrays are used to analyze the expression of thousands of genes in parallel, allowing studies of tissue distribution patterns associated with normal physiology and diseases and with the effects of compounds, in terms of safety and efficacy in model organisms and in humans.

Keywords: expression profiling; gene chips; target validation; toxicogenomics; pharmacogenomics

 References
    Alwine JC, Kemp DJ and Stark GR (1977) Method for detection of specific RNAs in agarose gels by transfer to diazobenzylmethoxymethyl-paper and hybridization withDNA probes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 74: 5350–5354.
    Boldrick JC, Alizadeh AA, Diehn M, et al. (2002) Stereotyped and specific gene expression programs in human innate immune responses to bacteria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99: 972–977.
    Callow MJ, Dudoit S, Gong EL, Speed TP and Rubin EM (2000) Microarray expression profiling identifies genes with altered expression in HDL-deficient mice. Genome Research 10: 2022–2029.
    Drake FH, Dodds RA, James IE, et al. (1996) Cathepsin K, but not cathepsins B, L, or S, is abundantly expressed in human osteoclasts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271: 12511–12516.
    Friddle CJ, Koga T, Rubin EM and Bristow J (2000) Expression profiling reveals distinct sets of genes altered during induction and regression of cardiac hypertrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97: 6745–6750.
    Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, et al. (1999) Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286: 531–537.
    Hughes TR, Marton MJ, Jones AR, et al. (2000) Functional diversity via a compendium of expression profiles. Cell 102: 109–126.
    Lipshutz RJ, Fodor SP, Gingeras TR and Lockhart DJ (1999) High density synthetic oligonucleotide arrays. Nature Genetics 21: 20–24.
    Mirnics K, Middleton FA, Marquez A, Lew DA and Levitt P (2000) Molecular characterization of schizophrenia viewed by microarray analysis of gene expression in prefrontal cortex. Neuron 28: 53–67.
    Oestreicher JL, Walters IB, Kikuchi T, et al. (2001) Molecular classification of psoriasis disease-associated genes through pharmacogenomic expression profiling. Pharmacogenomics Journal 1: 272–287.
    Schena M, Shalon D, Davis RW and Brown PO (1995) Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270: 467–470.
    van't Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver MJ, et al. (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415: 530–536.
    Waring JF, Jolly RA, Ciurlionis R, et al. (2001) Clustering of hepatotoxins based on mechanism of toxicity using gene expression profiles. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 175: 28–42.
 Further Reading
    Liotta L and Petricoin E (2000) Molecular profiling of human cancer. Nature Reviews Genetics 1: 48–56.
    Nicholson JK, Connelly J, Lindon JC and Holmes E (2002) Metabonomics: a platform for studying drug toxicity and gene function. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1: 153–161.
    Orr MS and Scherf U (2002) Large-scale gene expression analysis in molecular target discovery. Leukemia 16: 473–477.
    Petricoin EF, Ardekani AM, Hitt BA, et al. (2002) Use of proteomic patterns in serum to identify ovarian cancer. Lancet 359: 572–577.
    book Sambrook J and Russell DW (eds.) (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. [Relevant chapters include Chapter 7 (Extraction, purification, and analyses of mRNA from eucaryotic cells) and Appendix 10 (DNA array technology).]
    Templin MF, Stoll D, Schrenk M, Traub PC and Vöhringer CF (2002) Protein microarray technology. Trends in Biotechnology 20: 160–166.
    Ulrich R and Friend SH (2002) Toxicogenomics and drug discovery: will new technologies help us produce better drugs? Nature Reviews Drug Discovery 1: 84–88.
    Ye RW, Wang T, Bedzyk L and Croker KM (2001) Applications of DNA microarrays in microbial systems. Journal of Microbiological Methods 47: 257–272.

Related Sub-Topics:

Bioinformatics | Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics | Techniques and Tools in Clinical Genetics | Gene Expression Profiling of Genetic Disease | Bioinformatics and Genetic Disease | Techniques and Tools in Molecular Biology | Computational Molecular Biology
Contact Editor close
Submit a note to the editor about this article by filling in the form below.

* Required Field

Article Title: Microarrays in Drug Discovery and Development
 
How to Cite close
Debouck, Christine, and Roses, Allen D(Jan 2006) Microarrays in Drug Discovery and Development. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1038/npg.els.0005951]