Glycolipid Presentation by CD1

Gennaro De Libero, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

Published online: April 2007

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0020182

T cells recognize lipid antigens as complexes associated with CD1 antigen-presenting molecules. The biophysical properties of lipids impose unique mechanisms for lipid delivery, cell internalization, membrane trafficking, processing of large glycolipid antigens and loading of CD1 molecules. T cells specific for lipid antigens participate in the regulation of immune response, protection during infections and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Keywords: antigen presentation; T cells; CD1; lipid antigens

Figure 1. Structure of bacterial-lipid antigens. Most of microbial T-cell stimulatory lipid and lipopeptidic antigens identified derive from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and they are presented by group 1 CD1 molecules. -Galacturonosylceramide and -galactosyldiacylglycerol are instead produced by Sphingomonas species and Borrelia burgdorferi.
Figure 2. Structure of self-lipid antigens. The T-cell stimulatory self-lipid antigens so far described are glycosphingolipids and phosphoglycerolipids.
Figure 3. Antigen presentation of lipids to T cells. Bacterial cells are phagocytosed (1) by antigen-presenting cells (APC) and accumulate in phagosomes (Ph) which fuse with lysosomes (2). Lipoproteins are internalized by specific receptors (3) into late endosomes (LE) where lipoprotein particles dissociate and lipids traffic to late endosomes/lysosomes (LE/Ly). In LE/Ly large lipids are further processed and associate with CD1 antigen-presenting molecules (4). CD1–lipid antigen complexes are then displayed on the APC cell surface where recognition by specific T cells trough their T-cell receptor (TCR) occurs.
Figure 4. The function of CD1e. CD1e binds complex microbial lipid antigens (1) and offers them to hydrolases (2) thus facilitating the processing. Whether CD1e is also involved in loading other CD1 molecules such as CD1b is unknown (?).
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Cells of the Immune System | Antigens
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Article Title: Glycolipid Presentation by CD1
 
How to Cite close
De Libero, Gennaro(Apr 2007) Glycolipid Presentation by CD1. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0020182]