Possible Viral Zoonoses in Xenotransplantation

Xenotransplantation using genetically modified pigs may become a clinical reality in the near future and help many patients with various medical conditions. The study of porcine viruses is essential to delineate the potential risk of xenotransplantation-mediated zoonoses.

Keywords: porcine viruses; safety; transgenic pigs; xenotransplantation; zoonosis

 References
    Arteaga-Troncoso G, Guerra-Infante F, Rosales-Montaño LM, Dìaz-Garcìa FJ and Flores-Medina S (2005) Ultrastructural alterations in human blood leukocytes induced by porcine circovirus type 1 infection. Xenotransplantation 12: 465–472.
    Bartosch B, Stefanidis D, Myers R et al. (2004) Evidence and consequence of porcine endogenous retrovirus recombination. Journal of Virology 78: 13880–13890.
    Dong B, Kim S, Hong S et al. (2006) An infectious retrovirus susceptible to an IFN antiviral pathway from human prostate tumors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 104: 1655–1660.
    Gollackner B, Mueller NJ, Houser S et al. (2003) Porcine cytomegalovirus and coagulopathy in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation. Transplantation 75: 1841–1847.
    Katzourakis A, Tristem M, Pybus OG and Gifford RJ (2007) Discovery and analysis of the first endogenous lentivirus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 104: 6261–6265.
    Magre S, Takeuchi Y, Langford G et al. (2004) Reduced sensitivity to human serum inactivation of enveloped viruses produced by pig cells transgenic for human CD55 or deficient for the galactosyl-alpha(1-3) galactosyl epitope. Journal of Virology 78: 5812–5819.
    Paradis K, Langford G, Long Z et al. (1999) Search for cross-species transmission of porcine endogenous retrovirus in patients treated with living pig tissue. Science 285: 1236–1241.
    Phelps CJ, Koike C, Vaught TD et al. (2003) Production of alpha 1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs. Science 299: 411–414.
    Takefman DM, Spear GT, Saifuddin M and Wilson CA (2002) Human CD59 incorporation into porcine endogenous retrovirus particles: implications for the use of transgenic pigs for xenotransplantation. Journal of Virology 76: 1999–2002.
    Tarlinton RE, Meers J and Young PR (2006) Retroviral invasion of the koala genome. Nature 442: 79–81.
 Further Reading
    Deschamps J-Y, Roux FA, Saï P and Gouin E (2005) History of xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 12: 91–109.
    Fishman JA and Patience C (2004) Xenotransplantation: infectious risk revisited. American Journal of Transplantation 4: 1383–1390.
    Lu L, Li C and Hagedorn CH (2006) Phylogenetic analysis of global hepatitis E virus sequences: genetic diversity, subtypes and zoonosis. Reviews of Medical Virology 16: 5–36.
    Magre S, Takeuchi Y and Bartosch B (2003) Xenotransplantation and pig endogenous retrovirus. Reviews in Medical Virology 13: 311–329.
    other Salomon DR and Wilson C (eds) (2003) Xenotransplantation. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 278, Springer, Germany.
    Smetanka C and Cooper DKC (2005) The ethics debate in relation to xenotransplantation. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 24: 335–342.
    Wong S, Lau S, Woo P and Yuen K-Y (2007) Bats as a continuing source of emerging infections in humans. Reviews in Medical Virology 17: 67–91.
Contact Editor close
Submit a note to the editor about this article by filling in the form below.

* Required Field

How to Cite close
Takeuchi, Yasuhiro, and Mattiuzzo, Giada(Dec 2007) Possible Viral Zoonoses in Xenotransplantation. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0020708]