Coltiviruses and Seadornaviruses

Fauziah Mohd Jaafar, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, UK
Peter Mertens, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, UK
Houssam Attoui, Institute for Animal Health, Surrey, UK

Published online: December 2009

DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0021553

Coltiviruses and seadornaviruses are members of family Reoviridae, which encompasses alongside genera Coltivirus and Seadornavirus 13 other genera of viruses that can infect mammals, birds, aquatic animals, reptiles, insects, plants, fungi and protists. Coltiviruses are transmitted by hard ticks of the family Ixodidae, whereas seadornaviruses are mosquito-borne. These viruses can infect humans, following the bite of adult-infected female ticks or mosquitoes, causing febrile illnesses and are occasionally responsible for encephalitis. Coltiviruses are principally endemic in the northwestern parts of the USA and Canada and were also reported in European countries, including France and Germany. Antibodies to coltiviruses have also been identified from patients in the former Czechoslovakia and in South Korea. Seadornaviruses are principally endemic in the south east of Asia, although recent data showed that there has been an expansion of their distribution northwards, reaching the north-western Chinese borders.

Key concepts:

  • Coltiviruses are transmitted by adult female tick (family Ixodidae) bite and have animal reservoirs.
  • Coltiviruses can infect humans causing febrile illnesses and can cause encephalitis in rare cases.
  • Seadornaviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and no animal reservoir is known to date.
  • Seadornaviruses can infect animals and humans causing febrile illnesses and were reported to be responsible for cases of encephalitis.
  • Coltiviruses show an evolutionary relationship to the turreted mycoreoviruses, aquareoviruses and orthoreoviruses.
  • Seadornaviruses show an evolutionary relationship to the nonturreted rotaviruses.
  • Coltiviruses seem to represent a missing link between turreted and nonturreted members of family Reoviridae.
  • Differential diagnostic serological and molecular assays for coltiviruses and seadornaviruses are available.
  • Structure of the viral particles of Banna virus shows striking similarities to that of the rotaviruses.

Keywords: coltivirus; seadornavirus; Reoviridae; encephalitis; vector-borne virus

Figure 1. Electron micrograph for negatively stained virus particles. (a) Colorado tick fever virus, (b) Banna virus particles showing projections from the surface and (c) Banna virus cores.
Figure 2. Agarose gel electropherotypes of the genomes of seadornaviruses and coltiviruses.
Figure 3. The structure of the VP9 outer capsid protein of Banna virus determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 2.6 Å.
Figure 4. Phylogenetic relations among members of the Reoviridae based on the sequences of their putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree built with available polymerase sequences (using the Poisson correction or gamma distribution algorithms) for representative members of 14 recognized genera of family Reoviridae. The abbreviations and accession numbers are those provided in Table 2.
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 Further Reading
    book Attoui H and Mertens PPC (2007) "Seadornaviruses (Reoviridae)". In: Mahy B and Van Regenmortel M (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. London: Elsevier.
    book Attoui H and de Lamballerie X (2007) "Coltiviruses (Reoviridae)". In: Mahy B and Van Regenmortel M (eds) Encyclopedia of Virology. London: Elsevier.
    Chastel C (1998) Erve and Eyach: two viruses isolated in France, neuropathogenic for man and widely distributed in western Europe. Bulletins de l’Académie Nationale de Médecine 4: 801–810.
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    book Monath TP and Guirakhoo F (1996) "Orbiviruses and coltiviruses". In: Fields BN, Knipe DM, Howley PM, Chanock RM, Melnick JL, Monath TP, Roizman B and Straus SE (eds) Fields Virology, 3rd ed, pp. 1735–1766. Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven.

Related Sub-Topics:

Virus Diseases | Viruses Infecting Humans | RNA Viruses | Viruses Infecting Animals
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Article Title: Coltiviruses and Seadornaviruses
 
How to Cite close
Mohd Jaafar, Fauziah, Mertens, Peter, and Attoui, Houssam(Dec 2009) Coltiviruses and Seadornaviruses. In: eLS. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester. http://www.els.net [doi: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0021553]