Lancelot Hogben, although less famous than contemporaries such as RA Fisher, Julian Huxley and JBS Haldane, left a lasting impression on twentieth- and twenty-first-century biology. Hogben's extensive background in experimental biology led him to introduce the interdependence of nature and nurture as a concept and tool for critiquing eugenic attempts to partition nature and nurture. This attention to the interdependence of nature and nurture can be traced into modern scientific practice (in research on gene–environment interaction, phenotypic plasticity and developmental systems theory) as well as modern scientific debate (in disputes over the limits of the human genome project, the heritability wars and the geneticisation of complex human traits).